作　　者： ; ;

机构地区： 杭州师范大学生命科学学院生物学系

出　　处： 《动物学报》 2001年第3期256-265,共10页

摘　　要： 用 8种水热条件孵化中国石龙子 (Eumeceschinensis)卵 ,观测孵化卵质量变化、胚胎利用卵内物质和能量及孵出幼体特征。孵化卵因净吸水增重 ,卵增重与入孵卵质量、孵化温度和基质湿度有关。孵出幼体湿重的处理间差异主要是因为幼体水分含量不同。温度显著影响孵化期、孵化卵吸水量、胚胎利用卵内物质和能量几乎所有被检的幼体特征 ;温度甚至影响胚胎动用卵壳无机物。然而 ,在 2 4～ 32℃范围内 ,温度对卵孵化成功率无显著的影响。 32℃孵出幼体比较低于此温度的孵出幼体发育差 ,表现为躯干小、未利用的卵黄多。此外 ,32℃孵出幼体的运动表现比低温孵出幼体差 ,表现为特定体长 (snout ventlength ,SVL)的疾跑速小于低温孵出幼体 ,表明高温孵化卵对孵出幼体的运动能力有不利的影响。潮湿基质中孵出幼体的体长和尾长大于干燥基质中孵出的幼体 ,并特征性地具有较小的剩余卵黄。 2 4℃胚胎发育能耗较大 ,胚胎从卵壳动用的无机物较少。温度影响孵出幼体的体形和头部大小 ,30℃孵出幼体的尾长最大 ,32℃孵出幼体的头部最小。基质湿度对孵出幼体的体形和头部大小无显著的影响。温度对孵出幼体特征的影响与湿度的影响无关。孵化水热环境诱导的幼体大小、质量和形态差异可能对幼体的生存和适应性具有重要的影响。 Effects of thermal and hydric environments on incubating eggs, embryonic use of energy and nutrients, and hatchling traits were studied in the Chinese skink ( Eumeces chinensis ) from a population in Lishui, Zhejiang, eastern China. The eggs were incubated at temperatures of 24, 26, 30, and 32℃ on substrates with water potentials of 0 and -220 kPa using a 4×2 factorial design. All viable eggs increased in mass over the course of incubation due to absorption of water, and mass gain during incubation was dependent on initial egg mass, temperature, and substrate water potential. Variation in the wet mass of hatchlings among treatments stemmed mainly from variation in water content. Temperature profoundly affected duration of incubation, water uptake by eggs during the course of incubation, embryonic use of energy and nutrients, embryonic mobilization of inorganic material from the shell, and almost all hatchling traits examined. However, incubation temperature did not affect hatching success within the range from 24℃ to 32℃. Hatchlings from eggs incubated at 32℃ were less developed, as indicated by smaller carcasses and more unutilized yolks, and hence were smaller than their siblings from lower incubation temperatures. Moreover, hatchlings from eggs incubated at 32℃ did not perform as well as their siblings from the temperatures lower than 32℃ in the racetrack, even when the hatchling size (snout vent length) was kept constant. This indicates that high incubation temperatures have an impaired effect on locomotor performance of E. chinensis hatchlings. Eggs incubated in wetter substrates produced larger hatchlings that contained smaller residual yolks than did eggs incubated in drier substrates. At the time of hatching, shells form eggs incubated at 24℃ were heavier in dry mass and contained more ash than those from eggs incubated at lower temperatures, suggesting that less inorganic material be withdrawn from the shell by embryos developing at the temperature. Incubation temperature subtly aff

关 键 词： 中国石龙子 卵 孵化 幼体特征 运动表现 爬行动物 水热环境

领　　域： [生物学]