作　　者： ; ; ; ; ;

机构地区： 华南农业大学农学院热带亚热带生态研究所

出　　处： 《中国生态农业学报》 2014年第7期757-765,共9页

摘　　要： 合理的间套作种植能够显著降低病虫害的发生,但已有相关研究主要集中在旱地作物种类或旱稻上,而水田环境下水稻间作体系的作物搭配及种植模式研究目前还十分缺乏。本文通过田间对比试验研究了水稻与慈姑间作栽培对水稻病虫害、微环境以及水稻产量的影响效应。结果表明,间作栽培模式对稻飞虱和稻纵卷叶螟无显著的防控效果。但在拔节期和抽穗期期间,间作栽培模式下水稻纹枯病病丛率分别比单作处理低64.3%和88.2%,稻瘟病病叶率在灌浆期和乳熟期显著低于单作,表明间作栽培模式显著降低了水稻稻瘟病和纹枯病的发生。间作栽培模式下水稻叶片POD、SOD和CAT酶活性与单作模式相比出现了不同程度降低,单作模式下水稻较高的病害发生程度可能是导致叶片保护酶活性增高的原因;间作栽培在早午时段降低了水稻叶片表面的空气湿度,且水稻叶片光合有效辐射强度在多数时段均高于单作栽培,说明间作栽培模式改善了稻田小气候环境,有利于降低病菌的滋生和传播;光合气体交换日进程测定结果表明,灌浆期间水稻/慈姑间作栽培模式下水稻叶片净光合速率、蒸腾速率以及气孔导度在日间大部分时段均高于单作水稻,说明间作栽培模式提高了水稻的群体光能利用率以及群体光合效率;间作栽培模式下的土地当量比为1.17,表明水稻与慈姑间作栽培模式不仅能有效控制水稻病虫害的发生,同时能起到良好的增产效果。 A considerable amount of evidence has shown that intercropping enhances biodiversity that in turn suppresses pests and diseases. However, few works have been done on exploring the possibility of intercropping rice with other crops in wetlands to reduce pest/insect damage via diversified agro-ecosystem. In this study, a field experiment was conducted to look into the effect of rice and arrowhead （Sagittaria sagittifolia） intercropping on pest/disease occurrence without use of agrochemicals, and to evaluate yield performance. Meanwhile the effects of the intercropping on the microenvironment and photosynthetic gas exchange of rice leaf were examined. Results showed that the rice/arrowhead intercropping did not effectively suppress the population growth of rice hopper and Cnaphalocrocis medinalis. However, the intercropping system significantly reduced the occurrence of rice blast and sheath blight diseases. Compared with monocropping system, the intercropping system dropped the occurrence of rice blast at elongation and heading stages significantly by 64.29% and 88.24%, respectively. Diseased hill rate of rice sheath blight at filling and milk-ripening stages also reduced underintercropping. Normally, CAT, POD and SOD activities increased when crops were subjected to pathogenic attack. In this study, CAT, POD and SOD activities were lower under intercropping than under monocropping treatments at filling and milk-ripening stages. Elevated enzyme activity under monocropping was positively related with rice defense against higher disease incidence. Analyses of micro-environmental factors showed that intercropping decreased air humidity on rice leaf surface in morning and noon periods. Meanwhile, leaf absorbed photosynthetically active radiation was higher under intercropping system for most of the daytime. The modified micro-environment benefited the depression of breeding and spread of pathogens in paddy fields. Net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate and stomatal conductance of rice leaf were higher under in

关 键 词： 水稻 慈姑 间作 病虫害 微环境 保护酶 光合效率 土地当量比

领　　域： [农业科学]