作　　者： ; ; ; ; ; ; ;

机构地区： 广东省环境监测中心

出　　处： 《生态环境学报》 2014年第3期485-489,共5页

摘　　要： 珠江三角洲地区农村土壤重金属污染状况不容忽视,除化肥农药、畜禽养殖等污染源外,还有工业污染等其他污染源。本研究以该地区工业型和种植型两类典型农村为例,通过对农田和菜地两种耕地以及企业周边、养殖场周边和垃圾点周边三类污染场地土壤重金属污染现状进行监测与评价,深入分析重金属污染成因。结果表明,该地区工业型农村耕地以铜超标为主(超标率22.2%),种植型农村耕地以镉超标为主(超标率16.7%),其余重金属超标率低或不超标;耕地中农田的重金属污染程度重于菜地。工业型农村污染场地以铜超标为主(超标率33.3%),其次是镉和锌(超标率均为11.1%),其余重金属不超标;种植型农村污染场地以镉、镍超标为主(超标率均为26.1%),其次为铜和砷(超标率分别为17.4%和8.7%),其余重金属不超标。三类污染场地中,工业型农村土壤重金属超标情况相对最重的是垃圾点周边,而种植型农村土壤重金属超标程度相对最重的是养殖场周边。高度集约化的农业生产方式是造成珠三角农村耕地土壤重金属污染的主要原因,同时,众多的制造业"三废"排放加剧了土壤重金属累积。此外,畜禽养殖废弃物、生活垃圾的无序堆放也是造成农村土壤重金属污染的原因。 Heavy metal pollution in the rural soils from Pearl River Delta area is indispensable due to many pollution sources such as fertilizer, pesticide and industrial wastes. The objectives of this study were to investigate the levels and reasons of eight types of heavy metal pollution （i.e. Cd, Hg, As, Cu, Pb, Cr, Zn and Ni） in the typical rural soils from industrial villages and planting villages which included two kinds of cultivated land （i.e. farmland and vegetable plot）, and three kinds of contaminated sites （i.e. land around industry plants, land around livestock and poultry raising and land around garbage dump）. The results showed that, the cultivated lands in the industrial villages were mainly polluted by Cu with an over standard rate of 22.2%, and the cultivated lands in the planting villages were predominantly polluted by Cd with an over standard rate of 16.7%, while the over standard rates of other heavy metals were low in the cultivated lands of both the industrial and planting villages. In the two types of cultivated lands, the pollution in the farmland was severer than that in the vegetable plot. The contaminated sites in the industrial villages were primarily polluted by Cu with an over standard rate of 33.3%, followed by Cd and Zn with an over standard rate of 11.1%respectively, while the contaminated sites in the planting villages were mainly polluted by Cd and Ni with an over standard rate of 26.1%respectively, followed by Cu and As with an over standard rate of 17.4%and 8.7%respectively. Among the three kinds of contaminated sites, the lands around garbage dump were polluted the most heavily in the industrial villages, and the lands around livestock and poultry raising were polluted the most heavily in the planting villages. Highly intensive mode of agriculture was the main cause of soil heavy metal pollution in this area, while three wastes emission of manufacturing industry increased the contamination. In addition, waste emission from livestock and poultry raising and stacking of dome

关 键 词： 珠江三角洲 农村 土壤 重金属

领　　域： [环境科学与工程]