作　　者： ; ; ; ; ; ; ; (刘爱民）;

机构地区： 华南农业大学工程学院南方农业机械与装备关键技术省部共建教育部重点实验室

出　　处： 《农业工程学报》 2014年第10期10-17,共8页

摘　　要： 不同类型的农用无人直升机的结构不同,旋翼所产生气流到达作物冠层后形成的风场也有较大差异,对应的风速、风向和风场宽度等参数对花粉的运送效果直接影响到授粉的效果(母本结实率)、作业效率及经济效益。该文采用单轴单旋翼电动无人直升机,根据正交试验设计法设计了3因素(飞行高度、飞行速度和飞机及负载质量)3水平的正交试验,通过考察平行于飞行方向(X向)、垂直于飞行方向(Y向)、垂直地面(Z向)3个方向上的峰值风速(X、Y向越大越好,Z向越小越好)、Y向风场宽度(越宽越好)、动力电池的压降(放电越慢越好)3个指标,对单旋翼电动无人直升机用于水稻制种辅助授粉的田间作业参数进行优选,试验结果分析表明:SCAU-2型单轴单旋翼电动无人机在峰值风速>1 m/s时对应的水稻冠层有效风场最宽可达8.1 m,最窄为4.9 m,该机型在所设计的试验条件下基本能满足传播花粉的需求;该机型在水稻冠层所形成风场的峰值风速主要受飞机的飞行速度、飞机及负载质量、飞行高度影响,且随着飞行速度的降低、飞机及负载质量的增加、飞行高度的降低,其峰值风速有逐步增大的趋势。结合有效风场宽度及电池电量消耗程度来考量,3种主要因素的主次排序及其较优水平依次为飞行速度1.56 m/s、飞机及负载质量14.05 kg和飞行高度1.93 m。该结果可为其他单轴单旋翼电动无人直升机用于水稻制种辅助授粉的田间作业参数设置提供参考,而且也可为制定基于农用无人直升机的水稻制种辅助授粉作业技术规范提供依据。 The wind field parameters on rice canopy which formed by rotor airflow are significantly difference among different structure of unmanned helicopter. There are direct influence among the seed setting rate, operating efficiency, and the parameters of wind field on rice canopy. To explore the optimization parameters when the uniaxial single-rotor electric unmanned helicopter（USREUH） conducted supplementary pollination, orthogonal tests of three factors（including flight operating load, altitude and speed） and three levels was developed to measure the wind field which produced by USREUH in this study. The mass of tested USREUH is 9.3 kg, its rotor diameter is 2 m, and its maximum payload is 15 kg. The measured parameters of wind field included the following： wind speed at X direction（parallel to the direction of flight heading）, Y direction（perpendicular to the direction of flight heading）, and Z direction（the vertical direction）, and also the battery’s voltage drop at each takeoff and landing of USREUH to estimate its economy. The wind field parameters of the USREUH were measured by a wireless wind speed sensor network measurement system（WWSSN）, which consists of several wireless wind speed sensors（WWSS）, a flight global position system（FGPS）, and an intelligent control focus node（ICFN）. The WWSSN is a star topology, which can realize multi-point, multi-direction, mobile, and real-time measurement for wind field parameters on rice canopy, and also can record the pose information of the USREUH when the supplementary pollination is conducted. In order to reduce the affect from natural wind speed, serveral treatment rules about natural wind speed were adopted before wind field data analysis. The test results showed that： the maximum width of wind field produced by USREUH（peak wind speed ＆gt;1 m/s at Y direction） was reached 8.1 m, it was indicated that this model of USREUH could meet the basic needs of supplementary pollination of hybrid rice under the designed test condi

关 键 词： 农业 航空 无人直升机 单轴单旋翼 极差分析 正交试验 作业参数优选

领　　域： [农业科学] [农业科学]