作　　者： ; ; ; ;

机构地区： 北京大学信息科学技术学院高可信软件技术教育部重点实验室

出　　处： 《中国科学：信息科学》 2014年第5期564-587,共24页

摘　　要： 随着计算机硬件能力的快速增长和软件应用规模的不断扩大,软件的复杂性也在持续增长,并始终制约着软件开发效率和质量的有效提升.软件的结构复杂性,尤其是高层结构的复杂性,是软件复杂性的一种重要表现.如何实现对软件高层结构复杂性的有效控制,是当前开放、动态、难控的网络环境下大规模软件系统开发与演化所面临的主要问题.针对这个问题,我们将设计阶段高层结构复杂性的控制模型―软件体系结构模型―扩展到整个软件生命周期,提出了一种以体系结构为中心的软件开发方法―ABC.该方法将软件生命周期各阶段的核心制品与活动,统一到软件体系结构模型及对其连续迭代的细化、映射和转换,实现对软件高层结构复杂性的一致、灵活、系统化的建模和管理.本文旨在系统性地总结ABC方法在软件体系结构建模方面的成果,并重点介绍近几年在协同式特征建模、运行时体系结构生成、体系结构逆向恢复与建模等方面取得的新进展. With the continually-increasing capability of computer hardware and scale of computer software, the complexity of software is also continually increasing, and has manifest itself as one of the key factors that limit the significant improvement of software quality and productivity. The structural complexity, especially the high-level structural complexity, is considered as the most important complexity of a software system. How to control the high-level structural complexity in efficient and effective ways has become a critical issue for large-scale software development in the Internet To resolve this problem, this article computing environment, which is extends the software architecture open （SA） dynamic and constantly changing. models-a kind of model aiming to control the high-level structural complexity on software designing-into the whole software lifecycle, and proposes an SA centric software development method, called ABC. The ABC method unifies the core artifacts in different software lifecycle phases into different kinds of SA models, and then the core activities of software development, deployment, maintenance and evolution are performed as the continual refinement, mapping, and transformation to these different kinds of SA models. In particular, this article aims to give a systematic introduction to the ABC method, and present some latest research outputs in collaborative feature modeling, runtime SA generation, and SA recovering.

关 键 词： 软件复杂性 软件体系结构 特征模型 运行时模型 程序分析 网构软件

领　　域： [自动化与计算机技术] [自动化与计算机技术]