作　　者： ;

机构地区： 上海社会科学院经济研究所

出　　处： 《开放时代》 2014年第3期11-44,5,共34页

摘　　要： 本文追溯我国计划生育政策的发展史,着重分析由极端"一胎化"转向以"女儿户"为核心的"现行生育政策"的艰难历程。20世纪70年代末,我国计划生育由原来政府向群众宣传、号召和提倡,快速转向了家庭按照政府指标来生育的强制生育制度,在此过程中,"一胎化"政策的产生是这一转变的关键所在。80年代初,中央提出了以"女儿户"为核心的现行生育政策以替代极端"一胎化"政策,但该政策直到90年代初期才在全国大多数省份推行。一项由党中央明确提出的重大政策,需要耗时十年才得到基本贯彻,这在新中国历史上绝无仅有。无论是极端"一胎化"的快速产生,还是"女儿户"政策的缓慢推进,要理解生育政策史上这些重大问题,关键还在于理解70年代末至整个80年代我国特殊的政治经济环境,特别是中央领导层的特殊政治结构与变迁。 This paper traces the historical evolution of China's family planning policy,focusing on its tortuous course from the extreme'one-child'policy to the'current'birth policy basing on the'daughter-only'policy(nu'erhu). In the late 1970s,China's family planning program which originally centered on advocation and promotion by the government rapidly turned into the administrative constraints under which births were controlled by strict state quotas. And the'one-child'policy played a vital role in this transformation. In the early 1980s,Chinese government put forward the'current'birth policy to replace the extreme'one-child'policy. However,the policy wasn't implemented in most provinces until early 1990s. It took a decade to implement a policy which was put forward clearly by the central government,which is unique in PRC's history. The key to understand the relevant issues,either the rapid emergence of'one-child'policy or the slow implementation of the latter policy centering on'daughter-only',is to relate them to the special context of Chinese political economy from the late1970s to the early 1980s,especially to the structure and transition of the core leadership in those times.

关 键 词： 计划生育 一胎化 女儿户

领　　域： [经济管理] [社会学]