作　　者： ; ; ; (符丽颜）;

机构地区： 琼州学院生物科学与技术学院

出　　处： 《河南农业科学》 2014年第3期53-58,共6页

摘　　要： 以灵芝栽培0（对照）、1、2、3a的土壤为研究对象，采用选择性培养基分离计数三大主要微生物类群（细菌、放线菌和真菌）以及与灵芝生长繁殖密切相关的两大生理微生物类群（好气性纤维素分解菌、好气性自生固氮菌）。结果表明，随着栽培年限的增加，土壤中的微生物总数和细菌数量呈下降趋势，放线菌数量波动较大，先增加后减少；细菌、放线菌数量占微生物总数比例逐渐降低，真菌数量比例逐渐增加，其中细菌占绝对优势（83．36％～94．21％），放线菌次之（5．44％～15．04％），真菌最少（0．35％～1．60％）；好气性纤维素分解菌和好气性自生固氮菌数量均逐渐减少，尤其是栽培2a后各类微生物的数量与对照的差异均达到极显著水平。由此可知，连作使灵芝土壤微生物区系的结构和数量发生了改变。连作土壤中分离鉴定出6个菌属的优势细菌，分别为芽孢杆菌属（Bacillus）、假单胞菌属（Pseudomonas）、分枝杆菌属（Mycobacterium）、产碱杆菌属（Alcaligenes）、黄杆菌属（Flavobacterium）、短杆菌属（Brevibateriurn）；2个菌属的优势放线菌，分别为链霉菌属（Streptomyces）、小单孢菌属（Micromonospora），其中Streptomyces种类较多，有灰色类群、黄色类群、蓝色类群、白色类群、淡紫灰类群；6个菌属的优势真菌，分别为：木霉属（Trichoderma）、青霉属（PeniciUium）、曲霉属（Aspergillus）、毛霉（Mucous）、链孢霉属（Neurospora）、根霉（Rhizopus）。将分离的菌种制成发酵素，分别加入到按正交试验设计进行组合的发酵原料中，当覆土层中发酵原料紫檀木屑、枫树木屑、椰糠椰壳、玉米秸秆与连作2a的土壤按1：2：2：2：2的比例加入时，灵芝增产率最高。 Soil samples with cropping Ganoderrna lucidum for 0,1,2,3 years were used as materials to study variation of soil microflora. Three main microorganisms（bacteria,actinomycetes and fungi） and two main physiological groups（cellulose decomposing microorganisms and azotobacter） which were closely associated with growth of Ganoderma lucidum ,were isolated and counted with corresponding selective media. The results showed with the increase of cultivation years, the number of total microbes and bacteria deceased, actinomycetes fluctuated greatly, first increased and then decreased; the proportion of bacteria and actinomycetes gradually decreased, while the proportion of fungi gradually increased, bacteria assumed absolute superiority （83. 36%- 94.21%）, actinomycetescamesecond（5.44%_15.04%） and fungi took the least （ 0. 35 % -- 1. 60%）;the number of aerobic cellulose decomposing microorganisms and azotobacter gradually decreased. Therefore,continuous cropping changed the microflora structure and quantity in soil. In continuous cropping soil, six dominant bacterial genera were isolated from cropping soil with Ganderma lucidum , and identified as Bacillus, Pseudomonas , Mycobacterium , Alcali genes , Flavobacteriurn , Brevibaterium;two dominant actinomycete genera were isolated and identified as Streplomyces and Micromonospora, among which Streptornyces had more species, there were gray group, yellow group, blue group, white group and lavender group;six dominant fungus genera were isolated and identifiedas TrichoderTna , Penicilliurn , Aspergillus, Mucous, Neurospora , Rhizopus. Straw formu lation of different materials were combined according to the orthogonal design. Results indicated when the rosewood sawdust,maple sawdust,coconut shell,corn straw and continuous two-year cropping soil were mixed at 1 ： 2 ： 2 ： 2 ： 2, the rate of Ganoderma lucidum production could be maximum.

关 键 词： 灵芝 连作障碍 土壤微生物种群 生物防治

领　　域： [农业科学] [农业科学]