作　　者： ;

机构地区： 广州大学公共管理学院

出　　处： 《中国行政管理》 2013年第12期94-100,共7页

摘　　要： 结构式减灾有灾害可抗性、可预测性、减灾能力与工业化同步增长、绝对有效性、评估完整性、灾害认知与减灾间接相关和预测设施四处都有等悖论,许多国家减灾体系建设重点因此逐渐往非结构式方向发展。土地使用管理、征收制度、风险管理、灾害保险、财政金融、灾害认知教育、社区减灾和数据库建设等被视为非结构减灾一般性政策工具中的特殊工具,具有特别重要的作用。国际非结构式减灾实践对我国主要有将之上升为国家战略高度、复合型减灾体系的建立、土地使用管理减灾理念的变更、投资改善计划的倡导、财政金融工具防御策略的探索、多层次灾害保险分担机制的确立、灾害风险管理机制的建立及社区减灾理念的推广等多方面重要启示。 Traditional structural mitigation has seven paradoxes, namely its absolute validity, the enhancement of disaster reduction capability with the growth of industrialization, the resistance to disasters, a comprehensive evaluation of damages to disaster, an indirect correlation between disaster cognition and mitigation, building facilities for the preparation for disasters, the prediction of disasters and so on. Thus, the focus of the construction of national mitigation in many countries has shifted to non--structural mitigation. Among various measures of non--structural mitigation in the world, we view such measures as the management of the use of land, land expropriation and requisition, financial work, risk management, insurance against disasters, cognitive education for disasters, community disaster mitigation and the establishment of data base as the special ones. The paper argues that the experiences of non--structural mitigation in the world are of great significance to our country. We should integrate the non--structural mitigation into the plans for national development, establish a complex mitigation system, establish multiple disaster relief system and a system for disaster risk, advocate the idea of community mitigation and so on.

关 键 词： 结构式减灾 非结构式减灾 风险管理 灾害保险 社区减灾

领　　域： [政治法律]