作　　者： ; ; ; ; ; ; (刘凌志）;

机构地区： 中山大学生命科学学院

出　　处： 《中国水产科学》 2013年第5期975-981,共7页

摘　　要： 对大眼鳜（Siniperca kneri）（♀）×翘嘴鳜（Siniperca chuatsi）（♂）正交F1（DQ）、翘嘴鳜（♀）×大眼鳜（♂）反交F1（QD）、大眼鳜（♀）×翘嘴鳜（♂）正交F1的自交F2（F2）的胚胎发育进行观察, 详细记录了受精卵、分裂期、囊胚期、原肠胚期、胚体形成期、破膜期6个胚胎发育时期的卵径、孵化破膜时间、初孵仔鱼大小以及胚胎发育特征。大眼鳜受精卵卵径为（1.231±0.057） mm, 翘嘴鳜卵径为（1.197±0.052） mm, 显著大于正交F1雌鱼的卵径（1.723±0.0519） mm（P〈0.05）。DQ受精卵在水温25.5-27.7℃经过37 h孵化破膜, QD受精卵在水温27.5-28.7℃经过30 h孵化破膜, F2受精卵在21.6-24.1℃经过40 h 57 min孵化破膜。DQ、QD、F2初孵仔鱼大小分别为（4.1±0.4） mm、（4.0±0.2） mm、（3.5±0.2） mm。鳜属鱼类中翘嘴鳜与大眼鳜胚胎发育各时期特征基本一致, 3种杂交鳜胚胎发育特征与其父母本也基本一致。经过比较发现, 其色素的形成与运动有鳜属的特异性： 在胚孔封闭后, 黑色素开始形成并逐渐扩散覆盖整个卵黄囊, 中期黑色素呈现星芒状, 并在油球处有集中现象, 后期色素则逐渐出现在眼和头部。水温21.6-28.7℃时3种杂交鳜的胚胎发育时间都偏向与翘嘴鳜的胚胎发育时间一致, 在水温23-26.5℃时DQ、F2与大眼鳜的胚胎发育时间有较大差别。 Siniperca kneri and Siniperca chuatsi are two economically important freshwater aquaculture species in China. Hybrids created by interspecific crossing among several fish exhibit increased growth rate, improved disease resistance, and improved environmental tolerance. In this study, the embryonic development of reciprocal hybrids of S. kneri Garman and S. chuatsi Basilewsky （DQ and QD） and F2 of S. kneri （♀） × S. chuatsi （♂） F1 （F2） were described and compared to each other and their parents. Embryonic development was divided into 6 main periods based on anatomical features： zygote, cleavage, blastula, gastrula, embryonic body formation, and hatching. S. kneri ova, with a mean diameter of （1.231±0.057） mm, and that of S. chuatsi, with a mean diameter of （1.197±0.052） mm, were both significantly bigger than that of the F1 （S. kneri females × S. chuatsi males） with （1.723±0.0519） mm. Compared with the early development of other fish, e.g., Epinephelus costae, Liza ramada, and zebrafish, we found that chromatogenesis and pigment distribution in S. kneri, S. chuatsi, S. scherzeri, and the three hybrids shared common characteristics： chromatogenesis began on the yolk sac just after the closure of the blastopore. Punctiform melanin gradually spread all over the surface of the yolk sac. A neurocyte-shaped pigment subsequently centralized on the oil globule, and pigmentation later appeared on eyes and head. The features of embryonic development in the three hybrids were similar to their parents. DQ began to hatch 37 h post-fertiliza-tion at 25.5-27.7℃. QD began to hatch 30 h post-fertilization at 27.5-28.7℃. F2 began to hatch 40 h 57 min post- fertilization at 21.6-24.1℃. S. chuatsi began to hatch 35 h, 34 h, 33 h, 31 h post-fertilization at 25, 26, 27, and 27.5℃, respectively. The speed of DQ, QD, and F2 embryonic development at 21.6？28.7℃ were all similar to that of S. chuatsi, and quicker than that of S. kneri. Newly hatched DQ, QD, and F2 larvae were （4.1±0.

关 键 词： 大眼鳜 翘嘴鳜 胚胎发育 正交 反交 自交

领　　域： [农业科学]