作　　者： ; ;

机构地区： 北京体育大学

出　　处： 《体育科学》 2013年第6期3-13,共11页

摘　　要： 自我损耗(ego-depletion)是指因实施自我控制而导致自我控制能力暂时下降并对后续操作产生不利影响的现象。如何控制自我损耗或降低自我损耗的不利影响是近年来心理学研究的一个热点课题。通过最近开展的22项实验研究探讨了控制自我损耗的两大问题,即在自我损耗发生之前如何预防、在自我损耗发生之后如何补偿。在预防自我损耗的研究领域,介绍了在使用合理的情绪调节策略与思维调控策略、避免认知失调与社会比较、进行价值肯定与属性肯定、形成执行意向等方面的13项最新实验成果;在补偿自我损耗的研究领域,介绍了在积极情绪、榜样启动、自我肯定、执行意向等方面的9项最新实验成果。在此基础上,给出了在训练和比赛中控制自我损耗的应用建议。 Ego-depletion refers to impaired sell-control task pertorrnance alter efforum control over dominant responses because individuals ＇ self-control capacity is a limited resource. How to control the ego-depletion effect or to decrease the level of negative influence of ego-depletion is one of hot topics in recent psychology research. By introducing 22 experiments we conducted in recent years this paper echoed two big questions related to control of the ego depletion effect, i. e. , how to prevent ego depletion before it happens, how to compensate ego depletion after it happens and moderation and mediation of ego depletion effect. In the area of prevention of ego depletion this paper introduced our findings of 13 experiments concerning strategies of rational emotion adjustment, thinking control, prevention of cognitive dissonance and social comparison, value affirmation and attribute affirmation, and formation of execute intention. In the area of compensation of ego depletion this paper discussed our findings of 9 experiments on compensation effects of positive emotion, example-priming, self affirmation and execute inten-tion. Then on the basis of those research findings applied suggestions were given for control of ego depletion effect in sport training and competitions.

关 键 词： 自我控制 自我损耗 认知失调 社会比较 自我肯定 执行意向

领　　域： [文化科学] [文化科学]