作　　者： ; ; ; ;

机构地区： 清华大学化学工程系生态工业研究中心

出　　处： 《生态经济》 2013年第6期141-145,共5页

摘　　要： 中国西部地区日照时间长、昼夜温差大、水资源短缺,现有农作物以高原耐寒、沙生、块茎植物为主。传统生产方式存在灌溉水耗较高、种植结构不合理等问题。因此,需要发展节约型农业。文章构建了以经济效益为目标的种植灌溉优化模型,以青海省为例,优化得到其10年后最佳种植结构及灌溉方式,并探讨了农业用水价格变化对结果的影响。结果表明:到2020年该地马铃薯、枸杞、沙棘等旱作沙生植物应扩大种植面积分别至141.4、40.0、200.0万亩并以滴灌为主;油菜、青稞应减少种植面积至250.0、63.1万亩并以喷灌为主;由此可增加经济效益26.5亿元,增幅为12.2%;节水量34.1亿吨,节水幅度为63.8%。在水价变化情况下,鼓励对传统作物应积极建立农业节水补偿机制并推广应变型种植模式。 In western China, cold-resistant, water-resistant and tuber crops are widely cultivated due to long duration sunshine, large temperature difference and shortage of water resources. Nevertheless, the problems of high water consumption, unreasonable pattern of planting are caused by the traditional irrigation and planting methods. So resource-conserving agriculture should be encouraged. In the paper, a planting-irrigation model with objectives of agricultural economy benefit is built and water-saving amount is calculated. Qinghai province in western China was selected as a case study, planting structure and irrigation method are optimized in 10 years and the impacts of water price change are investigated as well. The results show that the planting area of dry farming plant and psammophytes such as potato, Lycium-barbarum, sea-buckthorn should be increased to 9,432,671,333 km2 respectively and correspondingly drip irrigation is given priority to by 2020. The planting areas of brassica-napus and hulless-barley should be decreased to 1,667,421 km2 respectively and spray irrigation is given priority to. The economic benefit and the amount of water-saving are increased to 2.65 billion yuan and 3.41 billion tons, with the growth rate of 12.2% and 63.8% respectively. When the water price varies, compensation mechanism for agricultural water saving and time-variant plant model should be established for traditional crops.

关 键 词： 节约型农业 优化 种植结构 灌溉方式

领　　域： [经济管理] [农业科学] [农业科学]