作　　者： ; ;

机构地区： 华南师范大学教育科学学院心理学系

出　　处： 《心理学报》 2000年第4期399-408,共10页

摘　　要： 探讨样例与作业问题的表面概貌相似性对原理运用的影响作用。实验１扩大了Ｒｏｓｓ的研究材料中样例与测题表面概貌方面的差异程度，探讨两者的表面概貌相似性对原理运用的影响。实验２探讨样例与测题在表面概貌的事件类型方面发生改变的条件下，两者的表面概貌相似性对原理运用的影响。实验３探讨在样例与测题表面概貌有两个级别差异的条件下，两者的表面概貌相似性对原理运用的影响。３个实验均采用被试内设计，要求被试学习原理及样例后完成与样例的表面概貌有不同相似关系的测题。结果表明：（１）样例与问题的表面概貌对原理运用有影响，当两者表面概貌发生较大的变化尤其是在表面概貌的事件类型方面发生变化时，其表面概貌相似性对原理运用的影响就会明显地表现出来；（２）样例与问题的表面概貌对原理运用的影响作用，受到两者对象对应性质的制约，当对象对应相似时，其表面概貌相似就会促进解答测题时运用原理，而当两者的对象对应相反时，其表面概貌相似就会对原理运用产生干扰作用。据此可以认为，样例与作业问题表面概貌的相似性，不仅会影响原理的通达，而且也会影响原理的运用。Ｒｏｓｓ关于表面概貌相似与否不影响原理运用的结论应该予以修正。 The effects of the similarity of examples and test items in the story lines on the use of principles were studied. In experiment 1, by extending the different degree of the story line between the example and the test item used by Ross, the effect of the story line on the use of the principle was explored. In experiment 2, by making the story type of the story line of the test item different from the example, the effect of the story line on the use of principle was explored. In Experiment 3, the effect of the story line on the use of principle was further explored in the circumstance in which the story line of the example was contrary to that of the test item. The within-subjects design was used. Having studied the principle with its example, the subjects were asked to solve the test item which had different similar relation with the example in the story line. The results showed: 1. The story lines of examples and test items had an effect on the use of principles. When the story lines of both were obviously different especially when the difference came from the story type, the similarity of the story line between both had a significant influence on the use of principle. 2. The effects of the story lines of examples and tests on the use of principles were influenced by the aspects of the object correspondence between both. When the object correspondence was similar, the similarity in the story line would promote the use of the principle. But when the object correspondence was reversed, the similarity in the story line would interfere in the use of principle. According to these results, the opinion is that the similarities of examples and test items in the story lines influenced not only the access of principles but also its use. The conclusion drawn by Ross that the similarities of story lines of examples and tests had no effect on the use of principle should be revised.

关 键 词： 迁移 样例 表面概貌 对象对应 原理运用

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