作　　者： ; ; ; ; ;

机构地区： 中山大学生命科学学院

出　　处： 《再生资源与循环经济》 2013年第3期13-20,共8页

摘　　要： "实现全球温室气体减排目标和全球减排资源最优配置的关键,是合理界定并严格执行各国温室气体排放权,并在此基础上进行国际排放权交易。"张永生等运用"人均排放"来构建的各个国家或地区的"总排放权额度",有一定的"人权"基础,但可能除了印度与中国两个人口大国外难以被大多数发达国家及发展中国家接受。更重要的是这种"框架"缺乏生态系统碳循环、碳均衡或碳中和的理论基础,没有采用循环经济的废料与原料链接的生态经济机制,缺乏低碳经济中碳中和、新能源替代及节能减排综合手段运用的机巧。作者同样"应用产权理论和外部性理论"以及生态系统碳循环原理,生态经济开放式闭合循环的方式,经济杠杆原理的方法,低碳经济中碳中和、新能源替代及节能减排综合机巧,通过各个国家或地区"碳源与碳汇"均衡的"赤字"或"盈余"来建立全球排污权交易的"总额度"数量标准,以及"排碳付费,碳汇交易"的原则。通过统一规范测评碳源与碳汇方法,统一调节全球碳汇交易价格,运用价格"手柄"或"砝码"的杠杆原理,"建立了一个界定各国历史排放权和未来排放权的理论框架,并据此提出一个将各国‘共同但有区别的责任’明晰化、将所有国家纳入全球减排行动的后京都时代解决方案",实现全球根本性、彻底性的节能减排和永久持续的碳循环、碳中和及碳平衡。 ＂The key to achieve the targets of Greenhouse Gas （GHG） emissions reduction and efficient allocation of global emissions reduction resources is to clearly define and enforce the emission rights of each country, and to establish international emission trading scheme （lETS）.＂ The Theoretical Framework and Global Solution created by Zhang Yongsheng, et al. for ＂Total emission authority of one country decided by average emission per person＂, based on the human rights but it must not be accepted by most of the countries in the world. It is most important that Framework was short of theoretic base of the carbon circle in the ecosystem, circular economy and the low carbon economy. This paper also developed a theoretical framework with the theoretic basis of carbon circle in the ecosystem, circular economy and the low carbon economy, calculated source and sink of carbon in every country and got the deficit or surplus, set up the total emission authority for one country even the whole globe. With the price of the economic lever, on ＂how to define each country＇s historic and future emission rights, and presents a proposal to succeed Kyoto Protocol. In the proposal, the ＂common but differentiated responsibilities＂ of each country are clearly defined, and all countries are covered＂. To realize fundamentality and downrightly carbon re-circle and carbon balance.

关 键 词： 温室气体 节能减排 理论框架 解决方案 生态机制 循环经济 经济杠杆

领　　域： [经济管理]