作　　者： ; ; ; ; ; ;

机构地区： 中华人民共和国环境保护部

出　　处： 《中国公共卫生》 2013年第3期331-334,共4页

摘　　要： 目的了解广东省东莞市灰霾天气对小学生呼吸系统的影响,为治理东莞市灰霾污染和保护小学生健康提供依据。方法以随机抽样和整群抽样相结合的方式在东莞市选取2所小学,以14 d/次为一个随访周期,对371名小学生过去2周呼吸系统症状发生率进行调查,同时监测该区域灰霾天气污染数据,配合广义Poisson回归线型模型综合分析。结果单因素分析显示,灰霾对咳嗽、咳痰、2周内喘息和2周内咳嗽症状的OR值分别为0.996 3、0.971 7、0.920 1和0.955 5,除2周内喘息外差异均无统计学意义;3种大气污染物(PM10、SO2、NO2)对2周内咳嗽症状的OR值分别为1.265 7、1.296 7和1.292 0;全因素模型分析显示灰霾对2周内喘息症状的OR值为1.104 5,SO2被剔除模型,PM10对呼吸系统症状OR值明显增大,NO2对咳嗽和咳痰的OR值分别为1.390 4和0.653 1;滞后1期的灰霾和大气污染物的优势比均大于当期效应。结论东莞市灰霾天气对小学生呼吸系统具有损伤作用,且主要表现为各种大气污染物的综合效应,并具有迟发(后续)效应。 Objective To explore the effect of haze on pupils＇ respiratory symptoms in Dongwan city and to pro- vide reference for management of haze pollution and health protection of the students. Methods Two primary schools were selected in Dongwan city with cluster random sampling. All the students of grade 4 - 6 were followed-up for respira- tory symptoms in the two weeks for forty weeks. The data of haze and atmospheric pollutants were collected simultane- ously by environment monitoring. Generalized poisson linear regression model was used for statistical analysis. Results Single factor model analysis showed the odds ratio （OR） value of haze to cough, sputum, wheezing and cough in the 2 weeks was 0. 996 3,0. 971 7,0. 920 1, and 0. 955 5, respectively, with statistical significance except for wheezing in the 2 weeks. The three air pollutants （ particalate matter less than 10 microns in diameter [ PM^0 ], nitrogen dioxide [ NO2 ], and sulfur dioxide [ SO2 ] ） showed significantly positive effects on cough in the two weeks, with the OR of 1. 265 7,1. 296 7, and 1. 292 0. Multivariate analyses indicated that haze could increase the risk of wheezing in the two weeks with an OR of 1. 104 5. The OR for respiratory syptoms of PM^0 increased remarkably after adjusting the effect of SO2. The OR values of NO2 for cough and sputum were 1. 390 4 and 0. 653 1 in multivariate analyses. In addition, the lagged effects of haze and the three pollutants on respiratory symptoms were remarkably stronger than the immediate effects. Conclusion Effect of haze was adverse to respiratory system health of pupils in Dongwan city and the effect was related to mulitiple pollutants with a stronger delayed influence.

关 键 词： 灰霾 呼吸系统 小学生

领　　域： [文化科学] [文化科学]