作　　者： ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;

机构地区： 中国水产科学研究院珠江水产研究所

出　　处： 《生物安全学报》 2012年第4期272-276,共5页

摘　　要： 【背景】广东省是我国遭受外来生物入侵最严重的地区之一,许多外来水生动物在广东省的河流均有分布,但有关其具体分布和数量缺乏系统研究。【方法】通过野外调查的方式对广东省鉴江、韩江、潭江、西江、北江、东江等水系的外来水生动物的分布和数量进行了初步调查,并对调查到的外来水生动物的生态学特征和入侵机制进行了初步研究。【结果】共调查到13种外来水生动物,包括巴西龟、尼罗罗非鱼、莫桑比克罗非鱼、奥利亚罗非鱼、下口鲶、革胡子鲶、食蚊鱼、麦瑞加拉鲮、露斯塔野鲮、斑点叉尾鮰、大口黑鲈等11种脊椎动物和福寿螺、克氏原螯虾2种无脊椎动物;其中以福寿螺、巴西龟和3种罗非鱼的分布最为广泛。【结论与意义】几种外来水生生物主要通过水产养殖、观赏渔业和生物防治引种入侵;典型的"R"策略者、对环境具有较强耐受力的生物、杂食性鱼类更容易成功入侵。 [ Background] Guangdong Province is one of the most seriously affected areas by invasive species. Many alien aquatic species have been found in the rivers of Guangdong Province, but we lack a detailed description of their distribution and abundance. [ Method ] In the present study, filed survery was conducted to assess the distribution of alien aquatic species in the main rivers of the Guangdong Province including the Pearl River （Xijiang River, Beijiang River, Dongjiang River）, Hanjiang River, Jianjiang River and Tanjiang River, and the invasion mechanisms of these invasion species were investigated preliminarily. [ Result] Thirteen alien aquatic species were found, including 11 vertebrates such as Trachemys scripta elegans, Oreochromis niloticus, Oreochromis mossam- bica, Oreochromis aureus, Hypostomta~ plecostomus, Clarias leather, Cambusia affinis, Cirrhina mrigala, Labeo rohita, Lctalurus punetatus, Micropterus salmoides and 2 invertebrates such as Pomacea canaliculata, Procambarus clarkia. T. scripta elegans, Poma- cea canaliculata and three tilapias were most widespread. [Conclusion and significance]The invasion of these alien species resulted from introduction by people for aquaculture, escapes or discarded from recreational fisheries or were introduced as biological control agents. Omnivorous fish more easily became successful invaders than others.

关 键 词： 外来物种 水生动物 入侵机制

领　　域： [农业科学]