作　　者： ; ;

机构地区： 北京师范大学

出　　处： 《心理科学进展》 2012年第11期1850-1859,共10页

摘　　要： 独处(solitude)是指个体与外界无互动,或意识上与他人分离,并能够自由选择个人身心活动的状态。与孤独感只能体验到消极情绪不同,独处是一种能够容纳不同情绪体验的开放性客观状态,对个体有积极的建设性意义。目前关于独处的研究方法主要有自我报告法和经验取样法。研究发现随着年龄增长,个体用于独处的时间增加,并对独处的态度更为积极。独处对个体的心理健康、创造力和自我整合等方面均有积极的促进作用。未来的研究应进一步明确独处的构成,考察独处的发展机制、独处的文化差异,而独处的大脑神经机制将是该领域一个比较有价值的研究方向。 Solitude referred to a state in which a person was alone and separated from others. It provided freedom to select one＇s mental or physical activities. Contrast to the negative emotional experience of loneliness, solitude was a constructed state and was open to all emotional experiences. Self-reported scales and Experience Sampling Methods （ESM） were used to measured solitude. Research revealed, as the age increased, individual spent more time on solitude and had more positive attitude toward it. Evidences showed that solitude had positive effects on individuals＇ mental health, creativity and enhanced self-integration. In the future, the structure of solitude required more research. Research should also pay attention to the developmental mechanism of solitude and cultural differences. The neural mechanism of solitude would be an important and valuable researching domain in the future.

关 键 词： 独处 孤独 个体发展 心理健康 创造力 自我整合

领　　域： [哲学宗教] [哲学宗教] [经济管理] [社会学]