作　　者： ; ;

机构地区： 华南农业大学林学院

出　　处： 《生态学杂志》 2012年第10期2662-2672,共11页

摘　　要： 淹水胁迫引起弱光环境,使气体扩散受限,叶片细胞膜脂过氧化加剧,体内保护酶系统受损,叶绿素降解,丙二醛含量积累,光合速率下降。为了适应淹水环境,植物通过生理生化机制的调节来保证淹水条件下的生命活动。如细胞通过调节渗透物质的含量来保持渗透势的平衡;细胞内各种抗氧化酶活性增加,以清除自由基,避免或者减轻细胞受到伤害;改变代谢途径和激素调节以保持能量储备和低的代谢速率。本文综述了淹水胁迫对细胞膜系统及功能、植物光合作用、植物呼吸、激素、生理代谢、基因调控的影响和淹水结束后植物的生理生态学变化,介绍了植物适应淹水胁迫的机制,并指出植物耐淹响应的分子机理,环境因素对淹没植物的影响,森林淹水胁迫的定位观测是今后需要研究的方面。 Waterlogging stress causes low light condition, and makes gas diffusion limited, plant leaf membrane lipid peroxidation induced, endogenous protective enzyme system damaged, chlorophyll degraded, MDA accumulation promoted, and photosynthetic rate declined. To adapt to waterlogging, plants develop a series of effective physiological and biochemical mechanisms to keep normal life activity, e.g., maintaining the balance of cell osmotic potential via regulating osmolyte contents, increasing intracellular antioxidant enzyme activities to remove free radicals and to prevent or reduce cell injury, and changing metabolic paths and regulating hormones to maintain energy reserves and lower rate metabolism. This paper summarized the research advances in the impacts of waterlogging stress on plant cell membrane system and its function, photosynthesis, respiration, hormones, physiological metabolism, and gene regulation, as well as the changes of plant ecological and physiological characteristics after waterlogging, and revealed the adaptation mechanisms of plants to waterlogging stress. It was suggested that to study the molecular mechanisms of plants in response to waterlogging and the effects of environmental factors on submerged plants and to make site-specific observations on the waterlogging stress on forests would be the important research aspects in the future.

关 键 词： 植物 淹水胁迫 生理代谢 生理机制

领　　域： [农业科学] [农业科学]