作　　者： ; ; ; ; ;

机构地区： 广东省气候中心

出　　处： 《生态学杂志》 2012年第10期2541-2548,共8页

摘　　要： 采用盆栽方法在人工气候箱内对超级杂交稻组合"天优998"4个生育期(抽穗期、乳熟期、蜡熟期和完熟期)分别进行5个高温处理(最高温度分别设定为32、35、38、40和42℃,日较差为6℃,每个处理为期5d,每天2h,以自然条件下生长的水稻为对照),研究了高温胁迫对水稻剑叶光合和荧光特征的影响。结果表明:高温对水稻剑叶光合和荧光特征具有显著影响,而且因高温处理、生育期、参数的不同而有差异,温度越高影响越大;高温处理后水稻剑叶叶绿素含量(SPAD)、净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)下降,胞间CO2浓度(Ci)上升;光化学效率(Fv/Fm)、实际量子产量(ΦPSII)、表观电子传递速率(ETR)、光化学猝灭系数(qP)、PSⅡ光化学反应(P)下降,初始荧光(Fo)、非光化学猝灭系数(qN)、其他热耗散(E)上升;当最高温度大于35℃时,4个生育期的光合和荧光指标大多发生了显著变化,当最高温度大于38℃时,则大幅下降;抽穗期和乳熟期Pn、Gs下降显著、Ci上升显著,蜡熟期和完熟期SPAD下降显著,但高温下抽穗期、乳熟期水稻剑叶Fv/Fm的下降幅度和Fo的上升幅度比蜡熟期、完熟期大;高温胁迫对水稻剑叶Pn的影响比SPAD大,抽穗和乳熟期水稻剑叶Pn下降主要是由气孔因素引起,而蜡熟期和完熟期剑叶Pn的下降则主要是由非气孔因素所致。 Super hybrid rice variety Tianyou 998 was pot-cultured in climate chambers to study the characteristics of its flag leaf photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters at four growth stages （heading, milking, waxmaturing, and full maturing） under high temperature stress. Five high temperature treatments were installed. The maximum temperature was installed at 32, 35, 38, 40, and 42 ℃, respectively, with a 6 ℃ difference per day, and each treatment was lasted for 5 days, 2 hours per day, and taking the natural condition as the control （CK）. High temperature had obvious effects on the characteristics of the flag leaf photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, and the effects differed with the high temperature treatments, rice development stages, and test items. The higher the temperature, the greater the effects were. After treated with high temperature, the test items such as chlorophyll content （SPAD）, net photosynthetic rate （Pn）, stomatal conductance （Gs）, efficiency of PSII photochemistry （Fv/Fm）, actual quantum yield （ΦPSII）, apparent photosynthetic electron transport rate （ETR）, photochemical quenching coefficient （qP）, and photochemical reaction （P） decreased, while the intercellular CO2 concentration （Ci）, initial fluorescence （Fo）, nonphotochemical quenching coefficient （qN）, and other heat dissipation （E） increased. Most of the photosynthetic and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters at the four growth stages changed significantly when the maximum temperature was above 35 ℃, and decreased greatly when the maximum temperature was above 38 ℃. At heading and milking stages, the Pn and Gs had a significant decrease while the Ci had a significant increase; at wax and full maturing stages, the SPAD decreased significantly. The decrement of the Fv/Fm and the decrement of the Fo were greater at heading and milking stages than at wax and full maturing stages. High temper

关 键 词： 高温胁迫 水稻 剑叶 净光合速率 叶绿素荧光参数

领　　域： [生物学] [农业科学]