作　　者： ; ; ; ;

机构地区： 中山大学国际汉语学院

出　　处： 《心理科学》 2012年第4期868-874,共7页

摘　　要： 三个实验采用阻碍效应研究范式探讨主题知识对类别学习的影响。实验1和实验2-3分别探讨定义特征维度为机械特征时和知识特征时,主题知识对类别学习的影响。结果发现:(1)定义特征维度为机械特征时,主题知识的存在没有促进类别学习;(2)定义特征维度为知识特征时,类别学习中没有出现阻碍效应。研究结果支持类别学习不只受到减少归类错误驱动的观点。 Blocking is an interesting phenomenon in learning.When a cue can effectively predict the outcome,it will block learning of other cues.Some versions of the error-driven learning have been incorporated into most category learning models and suggest that features useful for categorizations will block learning of other features.According to the error-driven view,no matter whether the category has a theme or not,features that can be used to classify all exemplars perfecdy would block learning of other features.In contrast,some researchers indicate that,different from association learning,category learning is a higher level cognitive processing and people would like to learn more features than classification.When there is a theme in category,the theme knowledge helps to strengthen the activation of features and more features are learned. Are there some cognitive mechanisms in category learning in addition to the error-driven mechanism？ In a blocking paradigm,the category learning mechanisms have been investigated in three experiments by testing the knowledge effect in category learning. In Experiment 1,rote features were defined as defining features to investigate whether the theme knowledge affected category learning. No feature learning superiority has been found in die theme knowledge condition.One possibility was that the rote defining features made participants feel difficulty in obtaining the theme knowledge.In Experiment 2,defining features were changed to knowledge features. And besides defining features,some features had been learned.It indicated that the theme knowledge in the category helped to learn more features and the blocking effect disappeared.In Experiment 3,we obtained the same results when the defining knowledge features had been fixed on the top of the exemplar. When there was a theme in category,the disappearance of the blocking effect in category learning indicated that category learning was not solely driven by error-reduction.The cognitive mechanism in category learning helped to make use of

关 键 词： 类别学习 阻碍效应 主题知识 错误驱动

领　　域： [哲学宗教] [哲学宗教]