作　　者： ; ; ; ;

机构地区： 华南农业大学

出　　处： 《中国水稻科学》 2012年第4期457-466,共10页

摘　　要： 以生态位理论为依据,研究了施用化肥(化肥区)、稻鸭共作(稻鸭区)和无化肥农药(对照区)3个处理区中稻飞虱与主要捕食性天敌类群的数量及消长动态、时间生态位特征,并进行了灰色关联度分析。结果表明,3个处理区稻飞虱与主要捕食性天敌类群的数量、时序特征、时间生态位宽度与重叠指数等均存在不同程度的差别。稻鸭共作使稻飞虱发生高峰期的数量、主要捕食性天敌总量降低,与化肥区、对照区相比,益害比分别下降了1.72%和26.14%;与化肥区相比,稻鸭区除瓢虫外,其他捕食性天敌类群的生态位宽度均降低2.14%～35.77%,多数天敌之间如肖蛸与隐翅虫、园蛛与瓢虫等的生态位重叠度增加,但瓢虫、球蛛对稻飞虱的跟随效应和控制潜能加大,一定程度上弥补了天敌数量减少、对稻飞虱影响减弱等不足,使得晚稻整个观测期内稻飞虱的总数比化肥区下降23.70%。不同稻作模式、不同类型的捕食性天敌与稻飞虱的关联性不同,稻鸭区中瓢虫、狼蛛和球蛛对稻飞虱影响较大。 Based on the ecological niche theory,the population compositions and dynamics,time niche of planthoppers and main predatory arthropods were investigated in three experimental treatment plots： chemical fertilizer utilization plot,rice-duck integrated cultivation plot and no chemical pesticides/fertilizer application plot,and grey relational grade analysis was conducted in the meanwhile.The results indicated that differences in individual numbers,temporal variation characteristics,temporal niche breadth and overlap index for rice planthoppers and the main predatory arthropods varied to various degrees among the three treatment plots.The number of rice planthoppers in its peak stage as well as the total individual number of the main predatory arthropods decreased.Compared with the chemical fertilizer utilization plot and the control plot,the ratio of natural enemy to rice planthoppers in the rice-duck integrated cultivation plot decreased by 1.72% and 26.14%,respectively.Ecological niche breadths for predatory arthropods except Coccinellidae in the rice-duck integrated cultivation plot were 2.14%-35.77% lower than those in the chemical fertilizer utilization plot,niche overlap indexes for most of the predatory arthropods,for instance,Tetragnathidae and Staphylinid,Araneidae and Coccinellidae increased concurrently.However,the number of the rice planthopper in the rice-duck integrated cultivation plot were 23.70% lower than that in the chemical fertilizer utilization plot,owing to the greater effects of synchronization following performance and the enhanced pest controlling potentialities of Coccinellidae and Theridiidae,which were somewhat mitigated the influences caused by the reduction in the number of predatory arthropods and the weakened rice planthopper control capability.Grey correlation degrees between the main predatory arthropods and the rice planthopper in different rice cropping patterns or groups of predatory arthropods were differentiated.Coccinellidae,Lycosidae and Theridiidae had greater influences

关 键 词： 稻飞虱 捕食性天敌 稻鸭共作 生态位

领　　域： [农业科学] [农业科学] [农业科学] [农业科学]