作　　者： ; ; ; ;

机构地区： 华南师范大学教育科学学院心理应用研究中心

出　　处： 《心理学报》 2012年第6期735-744,共10页

摘　　要： 一般语言学理论认为，在句子阅读理解过程中，句子意义建构是基于词汇语义整合的，其反映在N400之上，开始于词语呈现后约250ms。然而，近年关于语义P600效应的研究却提示句意建构可能存在多通道或方式，读者甚至可能在N400反映的加工出现之前就已建立了初步句意。为探明在句子阅读理解过程中是否存在比N400反映的加工更早的句意建构，以及如果存在这样的句意建构，其是从何时开始的，本研究开展了四个实验。实验1发现被试在句末双字词呈现200ms后已将其联系到上文语义表征而建立了句意，提示句意建构开始于N400反映的加工出现之前。实验2与3进一步发现，读者开始建立句意的时间约在句末词呈现了150ms之时。实验4排除了实验1-3效应的其他一些可能解释，提升了实验l～3结果的可靠性。总体上，本研究提示：在句子阅读理解过程中，读者在句末双字词呈现了约150ms之时就已建立了句意；可能存在比N400反映的加工更早的句意建构。 Many studies suggested the establishment of sentence meaning in sentence comprehension was based on lexical integration, which reflected on N400 starting around 250ms after the onset of an incoming word. However, research related to the semantic P600 effect proposed that there might be other route （s） for meaning establishment besides＇ lexical integration, which might start earlier than the onset of the processing reflected on N400. Here four experiments were conducted to investigate whether there are other route （s） earlier than the processing indexed by N400 and when they begin.In Experiment 1, a paradigm related to Perceptual Symbol Theory （PST） was used for study. Participantswere asked to read Chinese sentences like天空中有一只老鹰（In the sky there is an eagle） word by word, andthen to judge whether the pictured objects that followed without interval had been mentioned in the preceding sentences ignoring their shape and state. The reaction times for judgment were recorded. The last word of each sentence which was a two-character word was the critical word. All critical words were presented in three different time durations： 550ms, 250ms and 200ms. According to previous studies and PST, when the critical word was presented at 550ms, participants could have established the sentence meaning and a mismatch effect would appear. The mismatch effect is an effect that the reaction time is shorter when the sentence matches the following picture. The result found that mismatch effect also appeared in both 250ms and 200ms durations, and their reaction times were similar to those of 550ms duration. The result suggested that participants could establish sentence meaning even when the critical word was presented at 200ms, which indicated that sentence meanin~ establishment started before the onset of N400. Experiments 2 and 3 aimed at revealing a more precise time point at which readers began to relate the last word of a sentence to the preceding linguistic input and establish sentence meaning.

关 键 词： 句子理解 意义建构 时间特征

领　　域： [哲学宗教] [哲学宗教]