作　　者： ;

机构地区： 广州大学公共管理学院

出　　处： 《北京理工大学学报（社会科学版）》 2012年第3期82-88,共7页

摘　　要： 近年来,随着灾害的频发,过去很少被重视的灾害社会学研究逐渐从边缘变为主流的研究领域。面对日益复杂的灾害现象时,如何进一步与主流社会学理论对话成为当前研究中一个迫切需要解决的问题。从集体行动视角进行探讨,并初步建立起灾害集体行动类型分析的框架。在灾害处置过程中,如何发挥灾害集体行动的正面效应而规避其负面风险?这是政府和学界高度关注的重大现实和理论问题。事实证明,在"天灾"定义的情境中,灾民对于外界援助会有较高的满意度,因而能促进积极的集体行动产生。反之,在"人祸"情境定义中,灾民就会将灾害责任的焦点从"宿命论"转移到"人祸论"上,不仅会引起灾民的强烈不满和抗争性行动,还会威胁到政治安全目标及社会的稳定。政府应通过灾害信息的及时播报、正向解释以及专家诠释等方式正确引导民众的灾害情境定调。同时,政府还应从关注灾害技术层面的修复到关注弱势群体、信任机制、公私协力、柔性治理、危机管理和社会公平等综合层面治理的转变,来发挥灾害治理的理想效果。 In recent years ,the sociology of disaster to which the academic circle attached little importance has been the main academic field for scholars because of the frequent occurrence of disaster. How to introduce the major social theory into the diverse nature disasters has been the important issue of future sociology of disaster. From the perspective of collective actions, this paper conducts a basic study on the classification of nature disasters in a descriptive way. It is an important issue in practice and theory which has attracted the attention from the governments and academic circle to display the positive factors of collective actions in disasters instead of its negative ones. In fact, victims are satisfied with the aid from those outside the disaster stricken areas from the perspective of nature disasters, thus promoting the forming of positive collective actions. On the contrary, victims are liable to focus on the man-made reasons from the man-made perspective, which will not only cause a variety of negative conflict and even threat the government＇s political stability and social fair and stability. The government should divert the situation definition from manmade factors to nature forces by the way of issuing information of disaster on time and referring to experts suggestions. The paper also argues that besides technological aid ,the governments should pay attention to the weak group ,establish the trust mechanism ,and promote the cooperation between the government and nongovernmental organizations. In addition, the government is expected to deal with disaster in a flexible way and improve its ability to handle disaster crisis in a fair manner. Only in this way,can we achieve our goal in dealing with disaster.

关 键 词： 灾害 集体行动 灾民 灾害治理 灾害社会学 经典灾害社会学 社会脆弱性

领　　域： [经济管理] [社会学]