作　　者： ; ; ; ;

机构地区： 华南农业大学资源环境学院红火蚁研究中心

出　　处： 《应用生态学报》 2012年第4期1111-1116,共6页

摘　　要： 采用陷阱法和目测法系统研究了红火蚁入侵玉米地对蜘蛛类群多样性的影响.期间共调查到蜘蛛8科16种,其中红火蚁发生区有6科10种,药防区4科5种,对照区8科11种;蜘蛛种类以游猎型为主,隶属于猫蛛科和跳蛛科,优势种包括斜纹猫蛛、乔氏蚁蛛和蚁蛛.在红火蚁发生区,从玉米心叶后期开始红火蚁种群数量不断增加,在玉米抽穗开花期达到最大,为225头,之后缓慢降低,相应的猫蛛属蜘蛛种群数量则逐渐降低,降幅达79.2%;而蚁蛛属蜘蛛的种群数量变化不大.随着玉米植株的生长,红火蚁发生区和药防区的蜘蛛种类、多样性指数和均匀度指数逐渐降低,生态优势度指数却不断升高,而对照区相关指标则相反.表明红火蚁入侵显著改变了玉米地蜘蛛的类群结构. By using pitfall trapping and ocular estimation,this paper studied the effects of Solenopsis invicta invasion on the diversity of spider communities in a corn field.A total of 16 spider species belonging to 8 families were recorded.In the plot S.invicta invaded,there were 10 spider species of 6 families,among which,5 species of 4 families were in pesticide-treated plot,and 11 species of 8 families were in control plot.The spiders were dominated by wandering species,mainly belonging to the families Salticidae and Oxyopidae,and the dominant species were Oxyopex sertatus,Myrmarachne joblotii,and Myrmarachne sp.In the plot S.invicta invaded,the population quantity of S.invicta began to increase steadily from the late whorl stage of corn,with the peak（225 individuals） through the earring stage,but decreased steadily thereafter,with the decrement of the spiders of genus Oxyopex reached 79.2%,while the population quantity of the spiders of genus Myrmarachne had no significant change.With the growth of corn,the species number,diversity index,and evenness index of the spiders in S.invicta-invaded and pesticide-treated plot decreased and the predominant indices increased gradually,while the situation in control plot was in adverse.It was concluded that due to the S.invicta invasion in corn field,the community structure of spiders changed.

关 键 词： 红火蚁 蜘蛛 生物多样性 类群结构 生物入侵

领　　域： [生物学]