作　　者： ; ;

机构地区： 杭州师范大学

出　　处： 《心理科学》 2012年第2期314-320,共7页

摘　　要： 为考察儿童内疚情绪对其亲社会行为的影响,本研究采用现场实验的方法探讨了小学5年级学生内疚情绪与其亲社会行为的关系。结果显示:(1)内疚情绪能促进儿童亲社会行为水平的提高,难过情绪不能促进儿童亲社会行为水平的提高;(2)当儿童将注意力集中于自己对团体造成的不良影响,产生内疚情绪,但如果其将注意力集中于自己的不良结果时,则产生难过情绪。结论:儿童的消极情绪是否能促进其亲社会行为水平的提高,取决于其将注意力集中于自己还是他人。 Guilt and sadness are all negative emotions. Guilt is a self-conscious emotion, and sadness is a basic emotion. They are different in many aspects. Jessica et al （2004） argued that self-conscious emotions served primarily socialized needs, but the basic emotions clearly served survival and social fuctions. The negative-state relief model （Cialdini ＆ Fultz, 1990; Cialdini et al. , 1987） held that individuals＇ prosocial behaviors would reduce their negative state. But Calson et al（1987） argued that if people were in a negative state, they would not increase their prosocial behaviors when they paid attention to themselves, but when they paid attention to others, they would increase their prosocial behaviors. Jessica et al（2004） suggested if people paid attention to themselves, basic emotions, for example, sadness, would emerge. If people paid attention to others, self-conscious emotions, for example, guilt, would emerge. So we supposed that guilt emotion could increase individuals＇ prosocial behaviors. This study examined the effect of guilt emotion on children＇ s prosocial behaviors. In Study 1, Process and Method, we selected fifth-grade pupils as participants, and divided them into two groups, one as the expriment group, the other as the control group. First, the participants were required to accomplish a Chinese examination paper, and then were told that they were devided into many groups, every group having three participants who were not known to each other, and the group score would be rated in the class. Second, everyone got his/her score and other members＇ scores in the group one by one. The participants were told that his/her score was 30, but the other two members＇ scores were 95 , 96. Because of his/her bad score, their group＇ s score was ranked the last one in the class in the expriment group ; Then the experimenters asked them what was his/her feeling？ Why he/she had this feeling？ What he/she would plan to do？ The experimenters wrote down all their answers. Third, a

关 键 词： 内疚 难过 亲社会行为 儿童

领　　域： [哲学宗教] [哲学宗教]