作　　者： ; ; ;

机构地区： 北京工业大学建筑工程学院工程抗震与结构诊治北京市重点实验室

出　　处： 《振动与冲击》 2012年第5期12-16,25,共6页

摘　　要： 提出一种具有变刚度特征的管式变摩擦阻尼器,该阻尼器的主要部件包括套筒和装于其内并可来回移动的摩擦环。摩擦环外径略大于套筒内径,当摩擦环装入套筒后将产生装配应力,因而当摩擦环左右移动时接触面上将产生摩擦力。变摩擦的功能是通过在套筒壁中摩擦环初始所在部位适当开缝的方式实现的。由于在套筒壁中部开了缝,在其初始状态阻尼器套筒对内环几乎没有约束应力,这样在非工作状态套筒与内环之间的摩擦力就很小了。研究表明,在结构中安装这类变摩擦阻尼器以后,可以使得系统具有半主动变刚度的特征:即在结构偏离平衡位置时,阻尼器的套筒提供越来越大的围束力,导致套筒和内部摩擦环之间产生越来越大的摩擦力,从而能阻止结构位移增加;在结构返回平衡位置时,阻尼器提供反向摩擦力,其幅值逐渐减小,使结构在复位过程中振动速度得到抑制。对此种被动变摩擦阻尼器的性能试验和有限元数值模拟都证明在工程结构中应用该阻尼器能够达到主动变刚度控制效果,装置非常简单,而变刚度控制系统则是需要计算机和伺服反馈阻尼器支持的。由于该阻尼器构造简单,出力大,价格低廉,能够适应各种结构和机械工程减振控制的需求,因此具有很好的推广应用前景。 A tubular variable friction damper with variable stiffness characteristics was presented herein. The damper was composed of a sleeve cylinder and a inner friction ring. The inside diameter of the sleeve cylinder was slightly smaller than the outer one of the inner friction ring. When the friction ring was inserted into the sleeve and moved back and forth, the assembly stress arised. The variable friction function was realized through cutting slots along the axial direction. Due to breaking the wall in the middle part of the sleeve cycle where the inner ring was initially placed, thus the constrained stress between the sleeve cylinder and the friction ring was approximately zero in initial state of the damper. When the friction ring moved around, the friction damping force generated accordingly. The results showed that a structure equipped with the variable friction damper has the characteristics of half-active variable stiffness, i. e. , when the structure departs away from the equilibrium position, the damper provides greater friction force with increase in relative displacement between the sleeve cylinder and the inner ring; in the other hand, when the structure comes back to the equilibrium position, the damper provides gradually less friction force. The performance test and finite element simulation for the damper showed that the damper can achieve the anti-vibration performance of the active variable stiffness control needing supports from computer and servo feedback device. The proposed damper had advantages of simple structure and large output force, it met the requirements of vibration reduction for various structures and machineries and it was applicable in engineering.

关 键 词： 变摩擦阻尼器 性能试验 有限元分析 变刚度

领　　域： [建筑科学]