作　　者： ; ; ; ;

机构地区： 中国科学院南海海洋研究所

出　　处： 《生态学报》 2012年第5期1606-1615,共10页

摘　　要： 目前,大气CO2浓度的升高已导致海水pH值比工业革命前下降了约0.1,海水碳酸盐平衡体系随之变化,进而影响珊瑚礁生态系统的健康。近年来的研究表明海洋酸化导致造礁石珊瑚幼体补充和群落恢复更加困难,造礁石珊瑚和其它造礁生物(Reef-building organisms)钙化率降低甚至溶解,乃至影响珊瑚礁鱼类的生命活动。虽然海洋酸化对造礁石珊瑚光合作用的影响不显著,但珊瑚-虫黄藻共生体系会受到一定影响。建议选择典型海区进行长期系统监测,结合室内与原位模拟试验,从个体、种群、群落到系统不同层面,运用生理学和分子生物学技术,结合生态学研究手段,综合研究珊瑚的相应响应,以期深入认识海洋酸化对珊瑚礁生态系统健康(例如珊瑚白化)的影响及其效应。 Ocean acidification is one of obvious and serious environmental issues caused by increasing CO2 levels in the atmosphere. Seawater pH has decreased by about 0.1 units since the industrial revolution and the carbonate equilibrium has been changing to become detrimental to the health of coral reef ecosystems around the world. Recent studies revealed that ocean acidification has decreased the calcification rate of scleractinian corals and other reef-building organisms, while promoting the dissolution rate. Models based on the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change （IPCC） business-as-usual emission scenarios suggest that atmospheric CO2 levels could approach 800 μL/L near the end of this century. Under this scenario, carbonate ion concentrations and aragonite saturation in surface seawater will be substantially reduced, and coral reef ecosystems around the world would experience net dissolution. No obvious influences were detected on the photosynthesis of coral symbionts, but the symbiosis system of corals and zooxanthellae could be affected. Corals would be more susceptible to bleaching with further ocean acidification, especially with simultaneously increasing temperatures. Studies showed that ocean acidification led to serious problems with larval recruitment, and affected the metabolism and reproduction of coral-reef organisms. It is believed that early developmental and reproductive stages of calcifying organisms are the points within a life cycle most vulnerable to environmental change. Laboratory experiments revealed that ocean acidification has negative impacts on the fertilization, cleavage, larva, settlement and reproductive stages of several marine calcifiers. Therefore future ocean acidification will potentially impact the population size and dynamics, as well as the community structure of calcifiers, and will have negative impacts on coral reef ecosystems. However, ocean acidification often has non-lethal and species-specific impacts on various species of coral. It is necessary to distinguish

关 键 词： 海洋酸化 碳酸盐平衡体系 珊瑚礁 钙化率

领　　域： [生物学] [生物学]