作　　者： ; ; ;

机构地区： 华南理工大学化学与化工学院

出　　处： 《华南理工大学学报（自然科学版）》 2011年第11期6-11,共6页

摘　　要： 采用等体积浸渍法制备固体碱催化剂催化麻疯树油酯交换反应来制备生物柴油.首先研究了不同载体、不同活性组分以及载体干燥与否对固体碱催化剂催化性能的影响,优化得到了固体碱催化剂的最佳制备条件;其次,研究了超声辐射、醇油摩尔比、催化剂用量以及反应时间等对酯交换反应中甲酯转化率的影响;最后,对最佳条件下制备的固体碱催化剂在搅拌和超声辐射两种条件下进行了酯交换反应动力学研究,得到了两种条件下的动力学方程.结果表明:以NaX为载体、KOH为活性组分(负载量为15%),在300℃下干燥3h,可得到最优的固体碱催化剂;在超声功率90W、频率40Hz、醇油摩尔比8∶1,固体碱催化剂用量2%、反应温度32℃、反应时间60min的条件下,酯交换反应的甲酯转化率达95.8%;超声辐射下的反应速率常数是机械搅拌下的3.79倍,超声辐射和机械搅拌下的反应级数分别为0.4889和0.6431. A kind of solid base catalyst was prepared by means of the isovolumetric impregnation,and the product was used to catalyze the transesterification of Jatropha curcas oil to prepare biodiesel.The influences of carrier,active component and carrier dryness on the properties of the solid base catalyst were analyzed,and the optimal conditions for preparing the catalyst were obtained.Moreover,the effects of ultrasonic radiation,methanol-to-oil molar ratio,catalyst dosage and reaction time on the conversion of methyl ester were discussed,and the kinetics of transesterification under mechanical agitation and ultrasonic irradiation were explored,with the corresponding kinetic equations being obtained.The results show that the catalyst is of the highest performance when it is prepared at 300 ℃ by a 3-h drying,with NaX and KOH（with a loading amount of 15%） respectively as the carrier and the active component,that the conversion of methyl ester reaches 95.8% when the transesterification is enhanced with 40 Hz and 90 W ultrasonic at 32 ℃ for 60 min and when the methanol-to-oil molar ratio and the catalyst dosage are respectively 8∶ 1 and 2%,that the reaction rate constant under ultrasonic irradiation is 3.79 times than under mechanical agitation,and that the reaction orders under ultrasonic irradiation and mechanical agitation are 0.488 9 and 0.643 1,respectively.

关 键 词： 超声波 麻疯树油 固体碱催化剂 酯交换反应 生物柴油

领　　域： [化学工程]