作　　者： ; ; ;

机构地区： 南京农业大学资源与环境科学学院环境工程系

出　　处： 《环境工程学报》 2012年第1期347-352,共6页

摘　　要： 为了筛选出能有效修复有机氯农药污染土壤的洗脱剂,选取了16种洗脱剂对2种复合有机氯农药(六六六(HCHs)和滴滴涕(DDTs)、氯丹和灭蚁灵)污染场地土壤进行超声洗脱修复。结果表明,对于HCHs和DDTs复合污染土壤,乙酸乙酯和丙酮对HCHs的洗脱率最高,分别为87.6%和87%,其余有机溶剂对其洗脱率也在70%以上。乙酸乙酯和丙酮对于DDT仍为最优,分别为86.9%与78.4%,其余有机试剂对DDT的洗脱率在60%以上。相对于有机溶剂,表面活性剂对HCHs和DDTs复合污染土壤的洗脱效果不好,总洗脱率均低于4%。同样,对于氯丹和灭蚁灵复合污染土壤,有机溶剂的洗脱效果也明显优于表面活性剂。有机溶剂对灭蚁灵的洗脱率,除了正丙醇较低(63.5%)外,其余均在80%左右。对氯丹的洗脱率,除石油醚(59.6%)、正己烷(49.3%)和正丙醇(42%),其余均在70%以上。相同摩尔浓度的表面活性剂中,吐温80对氯丹的洗脱率为54%,环糊精为20%,鼠李糖脂和曲拉通100为13%左右,其余则小于5%,吐温80对灭蚁灵的洗脱率为29.6%,曲拉通100的为12.4%,鼠李糖脂为5.7%,其余则更低。因此,高效低毒的有机试剂,如乙酸乙酯、丙酮和乙醇等可作为有机氯农药污染土壤修复的首选。 A flushing investigation of sixteen kinds of solvents（dichloromethane,acetone,ethyl acetate,petroleum ether,hexane,methanol,ethanol,propanol,isopropanol,rhamnolipid,hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin,sodium dodecyl sulfate,SDS,SDBS,Tween 80 and Triton 100） was conducted to select an optimum solvent for HCHs and DDTs,and chlordane and mirex-polluted soil flushing.Results showed that in HCHs and DDTs contaminated soil,ethyl acetate is the best eluent with removal efficiencies of 87.6% and 86.9% for HCHs and DDTs,respectively.The removal efficiencies of the other organic solvents ranged between 61.6% and 87% for HCHs and DDTs,but the removal efficiencies of surfactants were less than 4% for HCHs and DDTs.Organic solvents were better than surfactants in HCHs and DDTs polluted soil flushing.This phenomenon also occurred in chlordane and mirex-polluted soil.For mirex,the removal efficiencies of organic solvents were about 80% with the exception of propanol（63.5%）.For chlordane,the removal efficiencies of organic solvents were more than 70% with the exceptions of petroleum ether（59.6%）,hexane（49.3%） and propanol（42%）.The removal efficiencies of chlordane for Tween 80,cyclodextrin,Triton X-100 and rhamnolipid were 54%,20%,12.8% and 12.2%,respectively,and the other surfactants＇ were lower than 1%.And the removal efficiencies of mirex were 29.6% for Tween 80,12.4% for Triton X-100,5.7% for rhamnolipid.Therefore,it is concluded that organic solvents like ethyl acetate,acetone and ethanol,can act as better flushing solvents in organochlorine pesticide polluted soil in the light of removal efficiencies.

关 键 词： 有机氯农药 土壤淋洗 洗脱率 有机溶剂 表面活性剂

领　　域： [环境科学与工程]