作　　者： ; ; ; ; ; ;

机构地区： 华南农业大学资源环境学院

出　　处： 《华中农业大学学报》 2012年第1期55-61,共7页

摘　　要： 较系统地比较了水稻、玉米和小麦3种作物纹枯病菌的培养性状及其在不同培养基、温度、碳源、氮源、pH值和光照条件下生物学特性的差异。结果表明:供试的3种纹枯病菌菌株在菌落生长速率、菌落和菌核颜色、菌核数量和菌核在培养皿的分布等方面均有明显差异;水稻、玉米和小麦纹枯病菌在Czapek培养基上菌丝生长最快、产生的菌核最多,在Richard培养基上菌丝生长最慢,在WA培养基上产生菌核极少或无;水稻和玉米纹枯病菌菌株生长温度范围为10～35℃,最适温度为25～30℃,而小麦纹病菌枯菌株生长温度范围为5～30℃,生长最适温度为20～25℃;3种纹枯病菌菌株对供试碳源中的可溶性淀粉、蔗糖和葡萄糖能很好地利用,但水稻和玉米纹枯病菌菌株对甘露醇的利用能力最差,而小麦纹枯病菌菌株对乳糖的利用能力最差;硝酸钾、亚硝酸钠、硫酸铵、脲和L-亮氨酸5种氮源对3种纹枯病菌菌丝的生长影响不显著,但对菌核的形成有显著影响;3种纹枯病菌菌株在pH 4～10时均可生长和形成菌核,pH 6时生长最快、形成菌核较多。试验结果还表明,光照对3种纹枯病菌菌丝的生长影响无明显差异,但对菌核数量和颜色有显著影响。 The cultural and biological characteristics of Rhizoctonia solani and R. cerealis isolates obtained from rice（Oryza sativa ） , maize（Zea rnays ） and wheat（ Triticum aestivum ） under different cul- tural media, temperatures, carbon sources, nitrogen sources, pH values and illumination conditions were compared in this study. The results showed that the tested Rhizoctonia isolates from three crops varied significantly in colony growth rate, colony and sclerotium colour, sclerotial amount and sclerotium dis- tribution in the Petri dish. Czapek and PSA media were found to be the most suitable media for mycelial growth of R. solani from rice and maize and R. cerealis from wheat. For R. solani isolates from rice and maize, the temperatures for myeelial growth were in the range of 10-35 ℃ with optimum at 25-30 ℃, whereas R. cerealis isolates from wheat were able to grow at 5-30 ℃ with optimum at 20-25℃. In the tested carbon sources, all tested isolates were able to utilize soluble starch, sucrose and glucose. However, the R. solani isolates from rice and maize were the poorest in utilizing mannitol, and the R. cerealis isolates from wheat were the poorest in utilizing lactose. All tested Rhizoctonia isolates were found to grow better on five tested nitrogen sources,i, e. potassium nitrate, sodium nitrite,ammonia sulfate, urea and L-leucine, but the sclerotial formation of all tested Rhizoctonia isolates on these five nitrogen sources varied significantly. For the mycelial growth and sclerotial formation of Rhizoctonia isolates from three crops,the pH ranges were 4-10 with optimum at pH 6. The results also indicated that the mycelial growth of all tested isolates under different illumination conditions were not significantly different, but the illumination conditions could affect the sclerotial amount and the colour.

关 键 词： 水稻 玉米 小麦 纹枯病菌 生物学特性

领　　域： [农业科学] [农业科学] [农业科学]