作　　者： ; ;

机构地区： 广州体育学院休闲体育与管理系

出　　处： 《首都体育学院学报》 2012年第1期64-67,共4页

摘　　要： 通过文献资料、对比分析等方法,概括了美国户外运动的发展特点,分析了我国户外运动的发展现状及制约因素,在借鉴经验的基础上,提出了美国户外运动发展对我国的几点启示,为我国制订户外运动发展规划提供参考。研究表明:美国户外运动产业发展渐趋成熟,具有政府立法与资助双管齐下、民众参与广泛而普及、消费群体两极分化、产业发展势头强劲、人才培养多层次、多渠道等特点。我国户外运动发展尚处于初级阶段,概念界定不统一,大众认识模糊;参与群体高学历、年轻化,时尚诉求突出;活动区域受限,"短、快、疏"时间特征显著;管理主体虚设,职能发挥不充分;人才培养不规范,专业建设近乎空白,并且受到政府管理型体育管理体制、经济发展水平和收入水平、传统体育文化背景、休闲教育发展水平及社会体育发展状况等因素的制约。美国户外运动发展对我国的启示是:教育与宣传相结合,增强大众的参与意识;制订完善政策和法规,确保行业健康发展;以教育机构为依托,培养高素质的专业人才;整合区域优势,规划户外运动资源开发;以中小学为突破口,促进青少年儿童广泛参与;强化行政管理职能,加快各类组织发展。 By using the methods of literature review and comparative analysis, this paper summarized the characteristics of outdoor recreation in the United States, analyzed the current situation and constraints of outdoor recreation in China, and provided recommendations to the development of outdoor recreation in China. The research indicated： in the United States, the development of outdoor recreation has been considerably mature, and its characteristics could be summarized as below：both legislation and subsidization were enforced, people participated widely, consumer groups polarized, industry developed vigorously, and outdoor education is diverse. In China, the development of outdoor recreation is still at the early stage, and its characteristics could be summarized as below： the concept of outdoor recreation is not clear, people have different perception of it;participants are young and highly educated, they are fashion followers;the recreation region is limited,the recreation time is ＂short,quick, sparse＂ ; the administrative department is but a empty shell, its execution power is weak;outdoor education is not conform to the standard, the specialty construction is at the very beginning. The outdoor recreation in China is constrained by government-oriented sport administrative system, economic development level and income level, traditional sport culture, leisure education, and mass sport development. The valuable references provided by the development of outdoor recreation in the United States are increasing people＇s participation intention by education and publicity, drafting and refining laws and policies to ensure the industry develop healthily, training people with potential to profession based on educational institutions, integrating regional resources for the planning of outdoor recreation,motivating children and teenagers to participate based on elementary and middle schools, strengthening administrative execution and facilitate the development of relevant organizations.

关 键 词： 户外运动 美国 启示

领　　域： [文化科学] [文化科学]