作　　者： ;

机构地区： 江苏大学人文社会科学学院

出　　处： 《毕节学院学报（综合版）》 2011年第9期81-86,共6页

摘　　要： 《老子》第五章是体现老子"天人合一"、崇尚自然思想的代表性章目之一,然而,由于长期以来,人们一直将"天地不仁"与"圣人不仁"二句中的"不"字理解为否定副词,将"仁"理解为"私亲"或"偏爱",将祭祀品"刍狗"理解为祭前尊重而祭后轻视的东西等等,因此,此章之主旨迄今尚未得到较为切实的解释。实际上,"不"字当通假为"丕",作"大"讲;"不仁",即"大仁"。"仁",不能理解为"私亲"或"偏爱",而应作"仁爱"、"慈爱"等义讲。而作为祭品的"刍狗",无论在祭前或祭后,皆应一律受到人们之尊崇与重视。此章之主旨,乃在于主张虚静无为,效法天地自然,倡导"天人合一"的辩证唯物主义哲学思想。作者运用双重比喻手法,强调"圣人"要像"天地"仁爱万物一样地仁爱百姓;而要实现如此之爱,"圣人"就必须进一步像"天地"自然运转生化与仁爱万物一样来尊重客观规律,顺应自然,仁爱百姓。如此"天人合一"的思想贯穿于《老子》全书,意义深远。 The chapter5 of Laozi is a typical chapter of expressing the idea of harmony between man and nature and upholding the nature,however,because＂不＂has been regarded as negative adverb in＂天地不仁＂and＂圣人不仁＂these two sentences for a long time,＂仁＂as personal intimacy or prejudice,the sacrifice＂刍狗＂as something respected before the ceremony but useless after that,and so on,the general tenor of this chapter has not been explained actually.In fact,＂不＂ can be interchanged into ＂丕＂with the meaning of mercy,＂不仁＂means great mercy.＂仁＂can not be regarded as personal intimacy or prejudice but charity or loving-kindness and so on.＂刍狗＂as the sacrifice should be respected before of after the ceremony.The general tenor of this chapter is to maintain letting things take their own course,imitating the nature,and to advocate the harmony between man and nature,the philosophical idea of dialectical materialism.The writer uses double metaphor,emphasizing that the saint should love people as the nature loves everything.Realizing such a kind of love,he should respect the objective law as the nature moves everything naturally and loves everything with kind mercy,following the nature and loving people.Such an idea of harmony between man and nature runs through the whole book of Laozi with a profound and lasting significance.

关 键 词： 老子 天地 圣人 大仁 刍狗 天人合一

领　　域： [哲学宗教]