作　　者： ; ; ;

机构地区： 苏州大学教育学院心理学系

出　　处： 《心理学报》 2011年第11期1320-1328,共9页

摘　　要： 进化理论认为风险行为与求偶有关。研究通过比较求偶信息(异性照片或描述异性的词语)、养育后代(孕妇照片)及奖赏信息(金牌照片等)试图进一步探讨繁衍线索对两性知觉和判断风险信息的影响。研究1中,被试描述理想约会对象后求偶动机得到激发,相对于描述晴朗天气的控制组,求偶动机让两性更慢地从高风险信息(如滑雪、冲浪等)转移注意力,且两性对风险信息的注意转移与社群性向无关。研究2显示,相对于养育后代和奖赏信息,求偶信息更为迅速地促使男性对高风险信息做出判断,但求偶信息让女性比男性更慢地对高风险信息做出判断。研究结果进一步证实了自然选择理论及性选择理论对两性加工风险信息的认知机制具有预测作用。 According to sexual selection theory, both intra-sex competition, mainly among the unlimited sex, or males, and mate choice, mostly by the limiting sex, or females, referred to as weapons and ornaments. Human males behaviors. Men are bigger, more aggressive, and more lead to wide ranging sex dimorphic attributes, which are possess similar weapon- and ornament-like traits and violent than women. These are weapon-like traits. Men brag and talk big, have a sense of humor, and take risks. These are ornament-like traits. Both sets of behaviors are driven by mating motives so that unmarried young men manifest these weapon- and ornament-like behaviors more than married or older men. The purpose of the present study was to empirically demonstrate the association between mating motives and risk taking behavior in men and to demonstrate that the same association does not exist among women. In two experiments, we manipulated mating motives by exposing participants to attractive opposite-sex pictures. We measured perception of risk taking by tracking and measuring participants＇ attentional disengagement from risky sport scenes （Study 1） and by having participants evaluate risks involved in different risky sports （Study 2）. One-hundred and fifteen college students participated in Study 1. We primed participants with a 3-minute task either to describe an ideal mate or to describe the weather. After the priming, participants completed an attention disengagement task. A picture of sports scene registering high or low risk was displayed for 500 ms in one quadrant of the computer screen. Right after the picture was a geometric figure, appearing in either the same quadrant as the picture （filler trials） or the three other quadrants （attentional shift trials）. Participants were instructed to press ＂A＂ or ＂K＂ on the English computer keyboard as soon as possible to indicate whether the figure is a circle or a triangle. The more absorbed a participant was by the high-risk sport scene, the longer it took the

关 键 词： 求偶信息 养育信息 社群性向 注意转移

领　　域： [哲学宗教] [哲学宗教] [经济管理] [社会学]