作　　者： ; ; ; ;

机构地区： 华南师范大学教育科学学院心理应用研究中心

出　　处： 《心理学报》 2011年第11期1247-1262,共16页

摘　　要： 采用前照应解决(anaphora resolution)与学习探测相结合的实验范式以及移动窗口技术探讨不同认知方式个体的空间情境模型更新能力的差异。实验1发现,场依存性被试在高预见性条件下表现出空间距离效应,低预见性条件下则没有;而场独立性被试刚好相反。实验2通过在关键句中提示路径房间的一个物品深入探讨更新过程中不同认知方式个体更新模式的差异,结果发现,两类被试在低预见性记叙文中都表现出了明显的空间距离效应。这表明,场独立性个体的空间情境模型更新能力高于场依存性个体的更新能力。 Text comprehension researchers generally agree that successful understanding of narrative text requires building a coherent situation model, and this process is affected by many factors, including text materials, prior knowledge, and individual processing abilities. Past research indicates that working memory is related to information processing but less so with situation model construction. Nonetheless, there is some evidence that visuospatial and verbal working memory subcomponents of working memory influence situation model updating processes. In addition, individuals＇ cognitive styles may be correlated with working memory, especially visuospatial memory and the central executive. For example, visually field-independent participants have higher levels of psychological differentiation, cognitive reorganization, visuospatial memory, and verbal working memory than do field-dependent participants. The question addressed in this study is whether cognitive style is related to situation model construction. Two experiments were conducted to explore this question using the anaphora resolution paradigm and moving window technique. Participants＇ field dependency was assessed using the Embedded Figures Test. Among 134 university students, 80 participants were included who were the top and bottom 30% in terms of field dependency （i.e., highly field-independent, and highly field-dependent）. They first memorized a building layout until completing a blank layout without errors, at which time the remaining tasks were begun on the computer with the screen of IMB 14 inches. Experiment 1 examined whether spatial situation model updating ability （measured using the spatial distance effect）, visuospatial memory, and verbal working memory depended on field dependency. There was a significant three-way interaction of cognitive style, anaphoric position, and movement direction. Simple effects analysis indicated that the spatial distance effect was significant for those who were field-independent only in the low predictab

关 键 词： 文本阅读 认知方式 空间情境模型 前照应解决

领　　域： [哲学宗教] [哲学宗教]