作　　者： ; ; ; ;

机构地区： 华东师范大学河口海岸科学研究院河口海岸学国家重点实验室

出　　处： 《自然资源学报》 2011年第9期1613-1627,共15页

摘　　要： 利用宜昌、汉口、大通、城陵矶、湖口等重要水文站的长时间序列水位、流量资料,着重分析了1978年和2006年典型枯水年长江中下游江湖水交换作用。论文建立了能表明江湖水交换作用的经验公式,以此为量化方法来表示江湖水交换作用的强度。结果表明:1978年代表三峡大坝建造之前典型枯水年的性质,2006年则已显示出三峡水库的运行对通江湖泊与干流水交换的积极作用。表现在江湖水交换系数上,1978年洞庭湖和鄱阳湖分别为0.57和0.56,洞庭湖和鄱阳湖与长江水交换处于稳定状态;2006年洞庭湖和鄱阳湖水交换系数分别为0.89和0.51,显示出2006年比1978年水交换作用强烈。洞庭湖和鄱阳湖与长江交换水量显示:1978年补给长江水量为分别为1 990×108m3和947×108m3,约占同期大通径流量的29%和14%;2006年补给长江水量分别为1 962×108m3和1 564×108m3,约占同期大通径流量的28%和23%。尤其是2006年鄱阳湖补水量比平水年还多5%,该年大通站流量全年维持在10 000 m3/s以上,以此保证了下游乃至河口地区水资源供给的安全。 This paper focuses on analyzing water exchange between river and lakes along the middle and lower Yangtze River in typical low flow years of 1978 and 2006,by using water level and discharge data at Yichang,Hankou,Datong,Chenglingji and Hukou hydrologic stations.The empirical formula for explaining water interchange coefficients of river and lakes are obtained and by this,degree of water interchange between river and lakes can be showed in a quantitative way.Result indicates： the data in 1978 can stand for conditions before the construction of the Three Gorges Reservoir（TGR） and reflect water interchange process between lakes and main streams in typical low flow years.While the running of TGR in 2006 shows that lakes have exerted positive effects on runoff regulation of main streams in typical low flow year.What＇s more,water exchange coefficients at Dongting and Poyang lakes in 1978 are 0.57 and 0.56,and this shows that Dongting Lake and Poyang Lake water exchange is stable.However,the coefficients are 0.89 and 0.51 in 2006 and this shows water exchange in 2006 is stronger than that in 1978.The quantities of water supplied by Dongting and Poyang lakes to the Yangtze River are 1990×108m3 and 947×108m3,respectively accounting for 29% and 14% of the runoff in the corresponding period at Datong Station in 1978.While the quantities of water in 2006 are 1962×108m3 and 1564×108m3,respectively,accounting for 28% and 23% of the runoff in the corresponding period at Datong Station.Especially the Poyang Lake,its recharge is 5% more than the normal years.Thus,the discharge at Datong Station is more than 10000 m3/s all the year round in 2006.

关 键 词： 枯水年 江湖水交换 三峡水库 径流调节 长江

领　　域： [天文地球] [水利工程] [天文地球]