作　　者： ;

机构地区： 中山大学人文科学学院中文系

出　　处： 《中国语文》 2011年第4期334-345,383-384,共12页

摘　　要： 汕头方言的连读变调除了语音层的规律,还有词汇层、语法层、语气层、韵律层的规律,不同层面的连调模式在动态运行时通过覆盖、半覆盖、嵌入等叠合规则形成一个最终的连调模式链,由最终连调模式链决定语句最终的连调形式,确定各音节最终的连调地位,最后依连调地位与调值的关系规则实现为各音节的具体调值。由于各层均有规律,动态运行时各层规律的叠合也有规律,因此最后在语音层面形成的线性语流可通过连调起到多种作用,如表现韵律、区别语法结构和某些语义结构、表示某些语气、表示某些语法意义、区别某些词语等。由汕头方言反观其他汉语方言,有两个特征对连读变调的类型学研究有重要意义:(1)是否所有调类都参与连调,且连调行为覆盖语句的始终。(2)除了语音层的规则,连调规则,包括静态的和动态运行的规则是否涉及多个层面。据此,可以把汕头方言、苏州方言之类归为全覆盖型,把北京方言、广州方言之类归为局部型;把汕头方言之类归为多层型,把北京方言之类归为韵律型,把广州方言之类归为词汇型……。不同方言应该根据其不同的类型学特点采取不同的方法来研究。 The tone sandhi in the Shantou dialect is governed by rules at the phonological,lexical,grammatical,modal and rhythmic levels.The dynamic operation of the rules on these levels form a chain model through covering,semi-covering,and embedding of the rules.This chain model determines the sentences' final tone sandhi pattern and each syllable's tone sandhi status.The relationship between the tone sandhi status and the tone value decides the representation of each syllable's tone.Through the rules at each level and the dynamic operation,the linear speech flow acquires multiple functions,such as rhyming,expressing grammatical and semantic differences,moods and so on.Compared with other Chinese dialects,the Shantou dialect has two bearings on the study of the tone sandhi typology:1)Whether all the tones undergo tone sandhi and whether the tone sandhi expands to the whole sentence;2)Whether the tone sandhi rules apply to other levels besides the phonological level.

关 键 词： 汕头方言 连读变调 动态运行 类型学

领　　域： [语言文字]