作　　者： ; ; ;

机构地区： 北京语言大学

出　　处： 《当代语言学》 2011年第3期193-216,285,共24页

摘　　要： 本文主要研究汉语儿童对添加算子的习得。在文献中发现儿童在两岁左右就已经可以说出含有添加算子的句子,但是直到6—7岁他们才可以正确理解这些添加算子。本文对这种生成—理解的不平衡性做出了解释。根据添加算子类型和焦点结构的不同,汉语的添加算子可以分成四组:重读"也"、重读"还"、重读"又"和非重读"还/也/又"。本文研究发现,和其他语言一样,汉语儿童在2;00左右就可以正确生成含有添加算子的句子,但是对添加算子的理解却呈现出不一致的情况。2;00—3;00的儿童就可以理解重读"还"和重读"又",但是7;00之前的儿童却对理解重读"也"和非重读的添加算子有困难。儿童对添加算子早期的正确生成说明他们在2;00的时候就已经具有和这些算子相关的语言知识。本文的实验结果证明,文献中关于儿童缺乏焦点结构知识的解释是不正确的。本文认为儿童之所以会在添加算子的理解上表现出滞后性,主要是因为他们还没有习得引入语用预设的能力,而不是因为他们不能处理复杂的结构,更不是因为他们缺乏有关语言结构的知识。 Although additive particles are detected in child language at a very early age in longitudinal studies,previous experimental studies show that children at 6 cannot interpret these particles appropriately.This poses the question why children's comprehension of these particles runs behind production.In this study,the acquisition of Mandarin additives will be examined with three groups of particles: hai(STILL),you(AGAIN) and ye(TOO).They have stressed and unstressed variants,which renders different scopes and triggers different presuppositions.Experiments are conducted to examine the variants in both production and comprehension. The experiments of production are mainly elicitation tasks with picture description and video description,while the comprehension tasks are act-out tasks and the truth-value judgment task.The results show that Mandarin additives are acquired at as early as 2 years old for all the six variants.However,the comprehension pattern splits with respect to different variants: children comprehend stressed hai and you as early as 2,though they cannot interpret stressed ye and unstressed additives correctly until 7 years old. The results seem to suggest that children at a very young age have mastered the linguistic knowledge necessary to produce correct sentences with additive particles,such as that of scope,focus,c-command relation and even the idiosyncratic properties of different particles.The children's incapability of interpreting ye as well as the additives with a focus following is caused by different presuppositions of variants of additive particles.The reason why children could do much better in the stressed hai and stressed you cases is also discussed.

关 键 词： 汉语添加算子 又 也 还 习得

领　　域： [语言文字]