作　　者： ; ; ;

机构地区： 北京林业大学林学院森林培育与保护教育部重点实验室

出　　处： 《环境化学》 2011年第6期1096-1101,共6页

摘　　要： 以河北省承德地区的油葵秸秆、玉米秸秆、大豆秸秆与鸡粪为原料,设置4种不同配比(F1、F2、F3、F4),于2009年秋末接种EM菌进行堆肥试验.通过对堆肥过程中堆体的温度、含水率、NH4+-N、NO3--N、pH值、C/N、T值的测定,研究了不同配比对堆肥腐熟度的影响.采用大白菜种子发芽指数(GI)评价了堆肥的腐熟度和生理毒性.结果表明:(1)在堆体腐熟过程中,4种不同配比均有明显的高温期,各项化学及生物学指标均呈现规律性变化.(2)在堆肥结束时,各配比的NH4+-N含量下降到1.0 g·kg-1以下,NO3--N的含量明显增多,pH值在7.6—8.1之间,各配比的C/N在14—18之间,T值小于0.6,GI大于100%,均符合堆肥腐熟标准,F4最先达到腐熟,F2次之.(3)GI与NH4+-N、C/N均呈极显著负相关,相关系数分别为-0.8999、-0.6412;而与NO3--N的相关性不显著.C/N和NH4+-N、NO3--N呈极显著相关,相关系数分别为0.5821、-0.5672. Composting is one of the means for treatment of solid organic waste,which makes the waste harmless and useful.In this study,A composting experiment was set up in the late autumn of 2009 in Chengde,Hebei province,using sunflower straws,corn stalks,soybean straws and chicken manure as raw materials,and adopting EM treatment.By measuring the temperature,moisture content,pH,NH＋4-N,NO-3-N,C/N,T value in the composting process,the effect of material ratios on compost maturity was investigated.Chinese cabbage seed germination index（GI） was adopted to evaluate the maturity and physiological toxicity.The results showed that in the pile composting process,4 different treatments had significantly high temperature period.The chemical indicators and biological indicators changed regularly.At the end of the composting,NH＋4-N content decreased to 1.0 g·kg-1,NO-3-N increased significantly,pH maintained at 7.6—8.1,C/N maintained at 14—18,T value was less than 0.6,and GI greater than 100%,all of which met the maturity standards for compost decomposition.F4 reached maturity first,followed by F2.On the GI index associated with each chemical analysis,GI was negatively correlated with NH＋4-N,C/N,reaching-0.8999 and-0.6412 respectively,but had no significant correlation with NO-3-N.C/N was positively correlated with NH＋4-N and NO-3-N,reaching 0.5821 and-0.5672 respectively.

关 键 词： 堆肥 秸秆 腐熟度

领　　域： [环境科学与工程]