作　　者： ; ;

机构地区： 深圳大学经济学院

出　　处： 《经济评论》 2011年第3期20-29,共10页

摘　　要： 劳动经济学界在20世纪90年代形成了共识:美国等OECD国家从70年代末到90年代末的教育升水(不同教育水平工人的工资差距)持续上升是由技能偏向型技术进步导致的。但90年代共识无法解释第二次世界大战后美国在技能偏向型技术进步下教育升水并非总是上升的事实。此外其理论基础在于技能偏向型技术进步下抑制低技能劳动力需求的腐蚀效应和提升高技能劳动力需求的市场规模效应会加剧工资不平等。本文指出其理论基础的缺陷,并将教育效率和劳动力市场的技能供求关系整合在一个技能偏向型技术进步与工资不平等都处于内生演化的动态模型中。本文证明技术进步率的提升在短期会提升工资不平等,但当教育系统的效率处于一定的区间时,技能偏向型技术进步在长期会降低工资不平等。因此,本文的研究挑战了90年代共识的悲观论点,并丰富了有关技能偏好型技术进步对于工资不平等影响的研究。 The 1990s consensus among labor economists is that skill-biased technological change in OECD countries since late 1970s increased the college premium,i.e.,wage inequality between different educated groups.However,1990s consensus is not consistent with the fact that college premium declined in some decades.Furthermore,its theoretical foundation is based on erosion effect that reduces the demand for unskilled workers,and market size effect that increases the demand for skilled workers.Regarding its shortcomings,this paper introduces the education efficiency and supply-demand relationship in labor market into a dynamical model where skill-biased technological change and wage inequality are both endogenous.This paper indicates that skill-biased technological change would increase the wage inequality in the short run,while the wage inequality would decline at last from a long term perspective,if the efficiency of education system were at an appropriate level to control the evolution path of wage inequality.Challenging the pessimistic 1990s consensus,it enriches the research on the relationship between technological change and income inequality.

关 键 词： 教育 教育升水 工资不平等 技能偏向型技术进步

领　　域： [理学] [理学] [理学] [理学]