作　　者： ; ; ; ; ; ; ;

机构地区： 武汉大学水利水电学院水资源与水电工程科学国家重点实验室

出　　处： 《农业工程学报》 2010年第12期72-78,共7页

摘　　要： 水和肥是影响作物产量与生态环境的重要因素。为揭示稻田水肥利用规律,以达到稻田节水、省肥、高产、减排的目标,该文以湖北省漳河团林实验站稻田水肥耦合灌溉与控制排水试验观测数据为基础,联合运用作物生长模型ORYZA2000和田间水文模型DRAINMOD6.0,模拟分析不同降水、节灌、施肥、控排条件下的水稻产量与稻田排水量响应关系,得出了稻田水肥调控的临界条件,即采用稻田间歇灌溉方式,灌水定额30mm,施氮量170kg/hm2左右,控制排水水位20cm时,节水12.5%～18.87%、省肥35.1%、增产11%、减排19.9%。本研究对加强农田水肥科学管理,提高水氮生产效率,防治农业面源污染,促进灌区可持续发展具有重要意义。 Water and fertilizer are main factors influencing crop yield and ecological environment. In order to explore the law of water and fertilizer in the paddy field,reach the target of minimizing irrigation water,fertilization and drainage water as well as maximizing the rice yield,the response relationship on the amount of drainage water and the yield under different conditions of rainfall frequency,irrigation methods,fertilization level,controlled drainage were analyzed based on the observation data of experiment on water and fertilizer coupling irrigation and controlled drainage in Tuanlin,Zhanghe Irrigation District,Hubei province,and the combination of crop growth model ORYZA2000 and DRAINMOD 6.0 model. The nitrogen production function was obtained through calculation and analysis. The paper proposed the threshold of amount of water and fertilizer where agriculture management of intermittent irrigation is applied. The study results indicated that when the irrigation water capacity was 30 mm,the application of nitrogen was 170 kg/hm2,and the water table of controlled drainage was 20 cm,water conservation was reached to 12.5%–18.87%,fertilizer application was reduced by 35.1%,yield increased by 11%,the amount of discharge water was reduced by 19.9%. Therefore,the study can help to strengthen the scientific management of water and fertilizer,promote the use efficiency of water and nitrogen,and prevent agricultural non-point source pollution. It is also important to promote the sustainable development of irrigation district.

关 键 词： 水 肥 排水 临界条件 水稻节水灌溉

领　　域： [水利工程]