作　　者： ; ;

机构地区： 湖南省社会科学院

出　　处： 《自然辩证法研究》 2011年第3期7-11,共5页

摘　　要： 库恩的"范式"自一提出,就受到众人关注,同时也引来了种种诘难。本文认为,这些诘难很大程度上归结为人们对范式的误解。要消除这些误解,就必须看到范式的本质——范式是一种制度性事实,蕴涵了科学共同体赋予的权力,这种权力表现为"权威"形式。"制度性事实"是由美国语言哲学家约翰.塞尔提出,具有特定的内部逻辑结构"X在情境C中看作Y"。在新旧范式更替中,范式的内部结构并未改变,而是结构中的变量Y和C的取值发生改变。这种改变是得到科学共同体认可的,新的范式(Y)的地位功能和道义权力是由科学共同体集体赋予的。按照塞尔的观点,这种集体认可保证了制度性事实在认识论上的客观性。而库恩也认为,再没有比科学共同体的决定作为客观性判定的更好标准了。由此,本文得出结论:库恩和塞尔在客观性标准上的探讨是一致的。 The word paradigm once put forward by Kuhn,which was popular by everyone.However,it also attracted many impugnments at the same time.In my eyes,most of the impugnments at some extent are produced by people＇s misunderstanding.In order to remove these misunderstanding,we must recognize the essence of the paradigm.That is,the paradigm is one kind of institutional facts,which implies the power imposed by scientific group（or community） with the form of authority.The phrase of institutional facts,put forward by American language philosopher John Searle,has the special inside logical structure X counts as Y in context C.In the transferring between new paradigm and old paradigm,the inside structure don＇t change,only changing the value of Y and C.This change is accepted by scientific group,and the status function and deontic power are collectively imposed by the scientific group.According to Searle＇s point,the collective acceptance keeps the objectivity of institutional facts.At the same time,Kuhn thinks that there is no better criterion of objectivity than scientific group＇s decision.Therefore,this paper concludes that Kuhn and Searle have the coincidence at the point of objectivity.

关 键 词： 范式 制度性事实 客观性 库恩 塞尔

领　　域： [哲学宗教]