作　　者： ; ; ;

机构地区： 华东师范大学心理与认知科学学院

出　　处： 《心理科学》 2011年第1期102-107,共6页

摘　　要： 心理弹性儿童是如何看待其曾经历的或正在经历的严重压力/逆境的?解读这一问题或可促进对聚焦于儿童自身的心理弹性机制的探查。为考察心理弹性儿童压力/逆境认知特点,利用Visual FoxPro 8.0平台自编计算机程序和故事测验法,分别从压力/逆境的敏感程度、觉知到的压力/逆境严重程度、觉知到的压力/逆境影响持久程度和觉知到的压力/逆境可应对程度四个方面对心理弹性组儿童和缺乏心理弹性组儿童进行测量。结果发现:(1)心理弹性儿童的压力/逆境敏感程度高于缺乏心理弹性儿童,表现为前者在压力/逆境指标回忆量、压力/逆境再认敏感性指标和模糊情境下压力/逆境偏向性上的得分均比后者高,而且,前者的压力/逆境指标再认击中平均反应时比后者短,反应标准亦比后者宽松。(2)心理弹性儿童在觉知到的压力/逆境严重程度、影响持久程度和可应对程度上两亚类实验任务("你认为主人公如何看?"和"若你是主人公如何看?")上的得分与反应时,除设身处地的压力/逆境影响持久程度认知外,其余与缺乏心理弹性儿童之间差异均不显著,提示,心理弹性儿童所觉知到的严重压力/逆境影响远没有缺乏心理弹性儿童所认为的更为持久。文章探讨了儿童更为敏感的压力/逆境觉知和相对而言认为严重压力/逆境没有那么持久影响力之于心理弹性发展的意蕴。 How do resilient children perceive the stress/adversity（S/A） which they ever experienced or are experiencing？ To tackle this issue can lead to unveiling the mechanism of resilience from the person-centered viewpoint.Using programs made via Visual FoxPro 8.0 and stories,the authors measured four dimensions of S/A perception including S/A sensitivity,perceived S/A severity, perceived S/A persistence,and perceived S/A manageability of resilient children and non-resilient counterparts.The results show that （1） in comparison with non-resilient children,resilient children are of higher S/A sensitivity for they get significantly higher scores of recall,recognition sensitivity,and S/A preference when a blur situation displayed,and the latter＇s response to hit the recognition S/ A items is quicker and their response bar lower;（2） there are no significant differences in the scores and response time of the other three dimension of S/A perception measured by two sub-tests（i.e.＂How does the protagonist think in your opinion？＂and＂How would you think if you were the protagonist？＂） between the two groups except S/A persistence measured in the＂if you were the protagonist＂sub-test,which indicates that resilient children are prone to view S/A as lass lasting in comparison with non-resilient ones.The implications of more sensitive and less lasting S/A perception to resilient development are discussed.

关 键 词： 心理弹性 压力 逆境敏感程度 觉知到的压力 逆境严重程度 觉知到的压力 逆境影响持久程度 觉知到的压力 逆境可应对程度

领　　域： [哲学宗教] [哲学宗教]