作　　者： ; ;

机构地区： 华南农业大学农学系

出　　处： 《大豆科学》 1999年第3期191-197,共7页

摘　　要： 本研究进行了田间、温室土壤盆栽及营养液栽培筛选鉴定试验，以评价大豆基因型的耐酸铝性差异及其几种筛选方法的一致性。结果表明，不同大豆基因型间存在明显的耐酸性差别；几种筛选方法的一致性较好。在田间试验中，秋种大豆受害比春种严重，而且秋种与其他筛选方法较一致，因此应以秋种筛选为主。铝毒主要危害大豆的根部，因此盆栽和营养液试验主要应以根部的耐性差异进行评价，而株高受酸铝毒的影响较小，在５ｍ ｇ／ Ｌ和８ｍ ｇ／ Ｌ处理下多数品种株高高于０ｍ ｇ／ Ｌ处理，但在幼苗期虽然大豆根部受害，但受害程度与收获时差别较大，４０ 天收获的结果与其他筛选方法较一致。在铝毒和干旱的双重胁迫下，没施石灰的处理明显表现出干旱症状，但耐铝毒强的品种表现耐旱性强。本试验中来自南方酸性红壤地区的品种耐性明显较好，而东北品种耐性较差，这说明筛选大豆耐铝毒种质应以原产我国南方的大豆品种为主。 Field, green house and nutrient solution experiments were conducted to evaluate agreement between the three screening methods and difference in tolerance of soybean genotypes to acidic and Al toxicity. The results showed that agreement between three methods was good and there existed great difference in tolerance of genotypes from various orgins. In field condition, soybeans grown in Autumn were more seriously damaged than those grown in Spring and evaluation based on yield of Autumn grown soybeans is more consistent with other screening methods. Though soybean roots were damaged to some extent under Al stress, plant heights of most genotypes were not greatly reduced as compared with those in limed soils or in no-stress nutrient solution; in nutrient solution, some genotypes were higher under Al stresses than no Al stress, especially at 5mg/L Al level. Therefore, evaluation for tolerance of soybeans to Al toxicity should based on root length and appearance in solution, and 40 day's root dry weight in green house pots. Green house experiment indicated that, without application of lime, roots of most varieties were short and stunt in the early seedling period but damage level were not wholly coincided with that of 40 day's level. In the combined presence of Al and drought, tall Al tolerance genotypes such as Liangjiang, GD black, demonstrated a degree of drought-tolerance, which suggested that an alternative and practical screening method can be used to select Al-tolerance soybeans by means of both drought and Al stresses. The result also shown that genotypes originated in South China are more tolerant than those originated in North China. Therefore, selection for Al-tolerance soybean germplasms should focus on soybeans originally grown in acidic soils regions of South China.

关 键 词： 大豆 酸铝毒 筛选鉴定 酸性土壤 耐性

领　　域： [农业科学]