作　　者： ; ; ; ;

机构地区： 暨南大学生命科学技术学院水生生物研究所

出　　处： 《台湾海峡》 2011年第1期27-35,共9页

摘　　要： 于2007年4月至2008年3月对大亚湾大鹏澳海域表层沉积物中浮游植物休眠体进行了每月1次的周年调查.本调查分析鉴定出浮游植物休眠体79种,包括甲藻孢囊50种,硅藻休眠体26种.浮游植物休眠体丰度没有明显的季节变化规律,变化范围为217～6 764 cells/cm3,平均为1 376 cells/cm3;鱼类养殖区休眠体丰度较高,平均丰度为1 999 cells/cm3.浮游植物休眠体在数量上以硅藻为主,甲藻次之,而在鱼类养殖区也出现了较高的蓝藻休眠体.硅藻休眠体的平均丰度为783 cells/cm3,百分比含量为56.9%,从而反映了该海域硅藻型浮游植物群落结构.甲藻孢囊丰度的变化范围在79～1 237 cells/cm3,位于湾口对照区丰度较高,年平均为733 cells/cm3,而鱼类养殖区和贝类养殖区平均值分别为502、388 cells/cm3.异养型甲藻孢囊的种类和数量均比较丰富,其百分比含量为26.7%～82.4%.研究结果显示,在富营养化程度较高的养殖区海域,硅藻休眠体和异养型甲藻孢囊百分率均较高,而鱼类养殖区还出现了较高蓝藻孢子丰度.本次调查中还出现了易碎藻和艉杆藻等在本海域浮游植物调查中未记录种类的孢囊,有毒有害赤潮生物的休眠体如亚历山大藻、链状裸甲藻、旋沟藻、巴哈马梨甲藻孢囊等也在此次调查中频繁出现,说明大亚湾海域存在较大的有毒有害赤潮发生的风险. An annual survey of phytoplankton resting spores in surface sediments from the Dapeng＇ao area of Daya Bay in the South China Sea was conducted monthly from April 2007 to March 2008.A total of 79 types of phytoplankton resting spores were identified,including 50 types of dinoflagellate cysts and 26 types of diatom spores.The cell abundance of resting spores showed no visible seasonal patterns and ranged from 217 to 6 764 cells/cm3,with an average of 1 376 cells/cm3.The cell abundance of resting spores were higher in the fish mariculture area,with an average cell abundance of 1 999 cells/cm3.Phytoplankton resting spores were dominated by those of diatoms,followed by dinoflagellate cysts.Spores of cyanobacteria peaked in the fish culture area at certain times.The average cell abundance and percentage of diatom spores were 783 cells/cm3 and 56.9%,respectively,which displayed the diatom dominant phytoplankton community in this sea area.The cell abundance of dinoflagellate cysts varied from 79 to 1 237 cells/cm3.A higher abundance was recorded in samples from the outer bay with a mean cell abundance of 733 cells/cm3,and the average cell abundance in fish culture and shellfish culture areas were 502 and 388 cells/cm3,respectively.Both the diversity and abundance of cysts of heterotrophic dinoflagellates were higher,and the proportion of cysts of heterotrophic dinoflagellates ranged from 26.7% to 82.4%.These results suggested the higher eutrophic level in culture areas was reflected by the higher abundance and proportions of diatom spores together with a higher percentage of cysts of heterotrophic dinoflagellates.Additionally,high cell abundance of cyanobacteria spores were recorded in the fish culture area.Unrecorded species,such as the cysts of Ensiculifera and Fragilidium,and the frequent occurrence of cysts of harmful species,such as cysts of Alexandrium spp.,Gymnodinium catenatum,Cochlodinium sp.and Pyrodinium bahamense,suggested a high risk of harmful algal blooms in this sea area.

关 键 词： 海洋生物学 浮游植物 休眠期 大亚湾 沉积物 赤潮

领　　域： [天文地球] [天文地球]