作　　者： ; ; ; ;

机构地区： 安徽师范大学环境科学与工程学院

出　　处： 《生态学报》 2011年第4期1185-1194,共10页

摘　　要： 我国是世界上遭受外来生物入侵最为严重的国家之一。加拿大一枝黄花(Solidago canadensis L.)是一种世界性的入侵植物,侵入我国已有70多年的历史,目前国内外对其入侵机理已有许多研究。结合近年来的研究热点和重要进展,从加拿大一枝黄花的生物学特点、入侵地环境的可入侵性、化感效应以及植物与土壤的反馈作用等4个方面综述了其成功入侵的机理,分析和评价了各种机理之间的内在联系。认为生物入侵是一个涉及多个营养级的复杂生物学过程,是多种机制综合作用的结果,人类活动的干扰是入侵事件频发的深层次原因。加拿大一枝黄花强大的入侵能力、高度的抗逆性、对本地植物和土传病原菌的化感抑制、入侵地环境的脆弱性以及菌根真菌等有益微生物的协助在入侵过程中起着关键作用,但天敌释放并未使其获得更大竞争优势。 Invasion of habitats by non-native species is one of the major factors that threaten global biodiversity and ecosystem functioning.China is becoming one of the most severely invaded countries in the world with increasing frequency of deliberate species introduction,international tourism and worldwide trade of agricultural products.A comprehensive understanding of invasion process and involved mechanism is very necessary to avoid the outbreak of invasive species and prevent new invasion.Solidago canadensis L,the worldwide invader with a invasion history over 70 years in China,has been extensively studied in the last decades.However,few studies concerned the persistent and profound impacts on local environment induced by invasion,and their feedbacks on subsequent invasion and plant community dynamics.Here,we reviewed the successful invasion mechanisms of S.canadensis from its biological characteristics,invasibility of the introduced range,allelopathic effect and plant-soil feedbacks based on novel interests and recent advancements,analyzed and evaluated the inherent relations between four aspects above.It suggested that invasion was a complicated biological process that involved multitrophic interactions of herbivores,carnivores,plants and decomposers,and a result of interactions between multiple mechanisms,among which the most far reaching reason was disturbance by human activities.The strong vegetative propagules produced by rhizome of S.canadensis strengthened its population established in invaded habitat,and the numerous fertile offspring expanded new habitat through wind dispersal.The high phenotype plasticity to resource fluctuation and high tolerance to stress conditions offered extra advantages over local competitors.These extrinsic performance could partially be explained by intrinsic features as S.canadensis was a polyploid complex and characterized by high genetic diversity.Moreover,the strong allelopathic effects on native plants and soil borne pathogens significantly inhibited potential antagonists,whi

关 键 词： 加拿大一枝黄花 入侵机理 化感作用 植物 土壤反馈作用

领　　域： [农业科学]