作　　者： ; ; ; ; (陈坚）; (杨星星）; (洪小括）; (陈志俭）; (陈瑜）;

机构地区： 浙江大学生命科学学院农业生态研究所

出　　处： 《中国生态农业学报》 2010年第5期995-999,共5页

摘　　要： 稻田养鱼在中国由来已久,并已经发展出各种模式。在沟坑模式中,作为鱼群庇护所的沟和坑会占用一定面积的水田区域,致使水稻立植面积减少,但沟坑的设置同时导致水稻群体边际区域的增加。本试验就沟坑边际效应导致的水稻增产效应对因立植面积减少而引起的产量减少的弥补效果进行了试验研究和测定计算,同时对环沟、十字沟、直沟3种沟型下水稻产量、田鱼产量及经济收益进行了比较分析,筛选出适合试验区域的稻鱼共生模式中的最佳沟坑模式。随机区组田间试验结果表明,沟际边1行单蔸粒重的边际效应值平均可达52.45%;沟坑边际效应弥补效果也较为显著,平均达80%左右。且不同沟型弥补效果不一:环沟弥补效果最佳,达95.89%,几乎可弥补沟坑占地损失;十字沟次之,为85.58%;直沟最差,仅可弥补58.02%。各类沟型的水稻稻谷产量及田鱼产量差异均不显著,而产出收益以十字沟表现最佳。研究认为十字沟为稻田养鱼模式下的最优沟型。 Rice-fish co-culture has been practiced for over 1 000 years and diverse models have been developed in China.The trench and pond model （which provides shelter for fish during low-irrigation period） may limit rice yield due to reduced rice-stand area.However,strengthened compensation effects from increased edge-zones make up for yield loss in smaller rice-stands.In this study,we conducted a field experiment to estimate the edge effect compensations for lost rice yields induced by trench-pond under different digging patterns.The production of rice and fish were also compared with economic output under different types of trenches.The study shows that average edge effect on first-row grain yield is 52.45%.The average marginal effect of trenches on grain yield is as high as 80%.The compensative effects of the three types of trenches are in the following order：peripheral-trench （95.89%）〉 cross-trench （85.58%）〉 straight-trench （58.02%）.There is no significant difference between rice and fish yields for the three types of trenches.Economic output for the cross-trench is the highest among the three types of trenches.The results suggest that cross-trench is the best trench pattern for both rice and fish production in rice-fish co-culture.

关 键 词： 稻田养鱼 沟坑模式 边际效应 弥补效果 稻鱼产量

领　　域： [农业科学] [农业科学]