作　　者： ; ; ; ;

机构地区： 中华人民共和国环境保护部

出　　处： 《中国人口·资源与环境》 2010年第8期70-74,共5页

摘　　要： 研究评析了我国"十一五"时期(2006-2010年)污染排放总量控制进展以及发达国家的经验,进而探讨了总量控制与污染控制以及环境质量改善的关系,并对国家"十二五"(2011-2015年)污染物排放总量控制路线图进行了分析。结果表明:尽管"十一五"时期污染总量减排预期目标基本实现,但是仍然存在污染总量减排与环境质量改善不对应、环境管理制度难以适应污染总量控制要求等问题;从国内外污染总量控制的实践经验来看,污染总量控制的应用范围和成效与一时期的社会经济与技术基础有关,与环境质量改善并不一定具有直接响应关系。建议:"十二五"期间我国应实施污染总量控制约束结合环境质量改善指导的环境管理模式,构建"国家-行业-区域"污染总量减排体系,国家减排总量削减目标应通过行业和地区潜力技术经济分析来确定;区域排放总量应与环境质量改善密切挂钩;行业总量控制应采用基于排放绩效的管理模式。为此,本研究进一步提出了"十二五"期间加强总量控制支撑体系建设的政策建议。 The study reviewed the progress of pollutants emission total amount control（PETAC） and the experience of that in the developed countries, discussed the relationship between the PETAC and the pollution control and the environmental quality improvement, and analyzed the roadmap of the PETAC in the ＂12th Five Year＂（2011 - 2015） period. The results showed： although overall the emission reduction objects of the total pollutants amount will be reached in the ＂11 th Five Year＂（ 2006 - 2010） period, which is not consistent with the environmental quality improvement, the current environmental management system doesn＇t accommodate the requirements of the PETAC. Practical experiences of the PETAC in China and the developed countries indicate that the applying ranges and effects of the PETAC are related with the socio-economie and technical basis in a certain period of a nation, and not in direct accordance with the environmental quality improvement. It is suggested that the environmental management should take a pattern of constraining the pollutants emission total amount together with guiding the environmental quality improvement, and construct a ＂national-indnstrial-regional＂ pollutants emission total amount reduction system; amongst these, the emission reduction objects of the national total pollutants amount should be determined by the industrial and regional economic analysis; the regional total pollutants amount should be linked with the environmental quality improvement; the total pollutants amount in the industrial sectors should be based on the pollution emission performance method. Based on the above analysis, the study proposed a policy scheme to strengthen the establishment of the supporting system of the Chinese PETAC in the ＂12th Five Year＂ period.

关 键 词： 污染物排放 总量控制 路线图 中国

领　　域： [环境科学与工程]