作　　者： ; ; ; ;

机构地区： 佛山科学技术学院食品与园艺学院园艺系

出　　处： 《华南农业大学学报》 2010年第3期12-15,共4页

摘　　要： 采用石蜡连续切片法对苦苣花芽分化过程进行了形态解剖学研究.结果表明:苦苣花芽分化始于抽枝前,可分为花枝分化期、花序分化期和花器官分化期3个时期,花枝分化标志着苦苣已由营养生长转向生殖生长.苦苣的花枝均生于叶腋处,每株可产生2～3级花枝.侧枝生长点与主枝生长点的分化方式一致,分化顺序为:花枝→头状花序→独立小花芽→小花芽各器官;花器官分化可分为花被分化期、雄蕊分化期和雌蕊分化期,并相应依次形成花瓣、雄蕊和雌蕊.播种期推迟,从播种至花芽分化所需的天数呈逐渐减少之势,长日照有利于苦苣由营养生长向生殖生长转化;适当早播,可使开花处于温湿度适合的时期,植株营养生长旺盛,有利于提高采种量;在广东佛山地区,适合苦苣采种的播种时间为10-11月. The processes of flower bud differentiation of Cichorium endivia L. at different sowing dates were studied by using anatomical methods. The results showed that flower bud differentiation began before burgeon. The process of flower bud differentiation of C. endivia included 3 stages of flower branch differen- tiation, inflorescence differentiation and floral organ differentiation. Flower branch differentiation marked from vegetative growth to reproductive growth. Flower branch of C. endivia were born in axil department which produced 2 to 3 flower branch per plant. The growth point of differentiation method of lateral branch and main-branch was consistent, and the order of differentiation followed flower branch, capitulum,independent small flower buds, various organs of small flower buds. Floral organ differentiation had petal differentiation stage, stamen differentiation and pistil differentiation stage. With the postponing of sowing date, the required days from sowing to differentiation of flower bud reduced gradually, long sunshine promoted conversion from vegetative growth to reproductive growth. Proper early sowing could make it blossom at the period of suitable temperature and humidity, which obtained vigorous vegetative growth and improved the seed production capacity. Suitable sowing time of C. endivia in Foshan area was October to November.

关 键 词： 苦苣 花芽分化 解剖 采种

领　　域： [农业科学] [农业科学] [生物学]