作　　者： ; ;

机构地区： 河北大学教育学院应用心理学系

出　　处： 《心理科学进展》 2010年第7期1046-1051,共6页

摘　　要： 人类社会生活的一项重要目标是追求幸福(happiness),影响幸福体验的因素有食物、财富、婚姻及友谊等。寻求幸福与避免痛苦能让人们的幸福需求得到满足。幸福和痛苦不是人类通过进化获得的一种最终机能,然而幸福和痛苦对人类远古祖先的影响在于调节行为活动以增加生存与繁衍可能。为什么有些环境刺激比其他刺激更能让人体验幸福?为什么回避痛苦与追求幸福同样重要?为什么幸福体验有相对性、过度性与目标性的特点?这些问题可以在进化观点中得到较好回答。人们的幸福感可以在认识基因与环境关系的基础上得到加强,如加强亲属联系、强化社会合作、重视婚姻承诺以及满足本能欲望等。 The goal of human life is to purse happiness and no one would like to experience the pain.Many stimuli that afftcts happiness include food,marriage,friendship and companion,money and wealth and other factors.Both pursuing happiness and avoiding distresss can staisfy the need of happiness.Why do such simple things as eating our favorite foods when hungry,drinking cold water when hot and thirsty,bonding with our kin,having sex with our loved ones,being recognized by others,and achieving our goals after hard work make us happy？ Why does failing to do any of these things make us distressed or unhappy？ These experiences make us happy because,directly or indirectly,they have been linked to,and not having them has presented obstacles to,survival and reproductive success in our evolutionary past.The positive emotions collectively known as happiness are in turn selected by nature to motivate us to continue to pursue these fitness enhancing activities.So has the desire to seek happiness been selected to motivate living.An evolutionary psychological explanation of happiness focuses on the functions of the concerning experiences which are ultimately related to reproductive success including survival to reach reproductive success.

关 键 词： 幸福 不幸 生存 繁衍 进化观点

领　　域： [哲学宗教] [哲学宗教] [经济管理] [社会学]