作　　者： ; ; ; ; ;

机构地区： 中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所

出　　处： 《高原气象》 2010年第3期645-654,共10页

摘　　要： 主要利用架设在黑河流域中游绿洲和荒漠区的3套自动气象观测系统在2003年9月1日—2004年8月31日的同期观测资料,对比分析了干旱区农田、草地和荒漠生态系统的辐射收支及其变化特征。结果表明:荒漠和草地太阳辐射相差不大,分别为6238.7 MJ.m-2和6135.8 MJ.m-2,农田生态系统为5889.0 MJ.m-2,比荒漠地区小4%。随着植物覆盖度的增大,草地和农田的地面反射逐渐减弱,荒漠地区反射辐射和地表反射率明显高于绿洲地区。大气逆辐射在3个地区相差不大,平均约为280 W.m-2。地表放射辐射和地表有效辐射在不同季节表现出较大的差异性。总体上讲,农田和草地地表有效辐射要低于荒漠,特别是在作物或牧草的主要生长季节。荒漠、草地和农田年总净辐射量分别为1705.8,2150.7和2458.2 MJ.m-2,农田和草地分别高出荒漠44%和26%,农田和荒漠净辐射差值主要由地表有效辐射差异引起。 Based mainly on the experiments conducting in an intercropping field,grassland and desert in the middle reach of Heihe River basin from 1 September 2003 to 31 August 2004,the contrastive characteristics and variations of radiation budget in different ecosystems were analyzed.The results showed that the annual global solar radiation at desert and grassland stations are 6238.7 MJ·m-2 and 6135.8 MJ·m-2,respectively.In intercropping field,this value is 5889.0 MJ·m-2,4% lower than that in desert station.With the increase of vegetation degree,reflected radiation decreases in farmland and grassland which leads to albedo in weakning those areas.There is no obvious difference of downward longwave radiation in the three areas,value is a diurnal mean 280 W·m-2.On the contrary,upward longwave radiation and surface effective radiation show a significant difference in different seasons and ecosystems.As a whole,the values of upward longwave radiation and surface effective radiation in farmland and grassland are much lower of those in desert especially in the main growing seasons for the crops and pasture.The net radiation in desert,grassland and cropland are 1705.8,2150.7 and 2458.2 MJ·m-2,respectively.The difference of surface effective radiation results in the significant difference of net radiation in different ecosystems.

关 键 词： 黑河中游 干旱区 辐射收支 长波辐射 短波辐射

领　　域： [天文地球]