作　　者： ;

机构地区： 浙江海洋学院海洋科学学院

出　　处： 《海洋湖沼通报》 2010年第2期114-122,共9页

摘　　要： 钱塘江河口是强潮喇叭状河口,其演变既受到自然因素的制约,又受到人类活动的强烈影响。诸如修筑堤坝、围垦造陆等一系列工程措施改变了河口水动力、沉积和地貌特征,使得人类活动影响逐渐加强,自然影响因素退居次要位置,河口的自动调整作用亦随之减弱。通过分析河口主要自然特征,根据近几十年来大规模人类活动过程及其对河口的影响,研究河口演变特征对人类活动的响应及其发展趋势。研究结果表明:潮滩围垦和江道缩窄等工程措施稳定河口区主槽,加快河道延长,不同河段因过水断面改变而使潮流量变化各异,但总潮位并未减弱,且有所抬高;河口持续淤积,河口沙坎受季节影响呈现"洪冲枯淤"的变化,且位置总体下移;河口喇叭状地貌形态日益突出,口门位置不断向外海延伸。 Qiantang Estuary is the macro-tidal and trumpet-shaped estuary,which is constrained by the control of natural factors and is subjected to the intensive influence induced by human activities during estuarine evolution.A series of engineering measures,such as building dykes and reclamation,have been changing the estuarine hydrodynamics characteristics,sedimentation and morphology.For what is mentioned above,the anthropogenic effect on estuarine evolution is gradually strengthened,the natural influence factors take second place,and consequently,the estuarine auto-adjust function decreases gradually.According to the progress of the large-scale human activities and the influence on estuary for decades,with the analysis on estuarine major national environment,the evolutive characteristics and trends of the estuary are analyzed.Research results indicate that reclaiming tidal flat and narrowing watercourse stabilize the main channel and accelerate the waterways extension in the river mouth zone.Though tidal discharges vary for the narrowed cross-section area at different river reach,the total tide level not only does not drop off but also rises to some extent.Sediment deposition is taking place constantly in the estuary and the sand bar presents a picture of ＂erosion in flood season and deposition in dry season＂ in the estuary and moves toward east as a whole.The morphology of trumpet-shape becomes increasingly prominent,leading to the extension of the estuarine location toward the sea.

关 键 词： 钱塘江河口 人类活动 治江围涂 演变效应

领　　域： [水利工程]